I'l-ATFISHES (HETEROSOMATA) 



C.fuus 18. PSEUI)()I'LEUR()\I-:CTES. 



IhcuJoftUurnnntfs. BlccUer, jSb:;, Vcrsl. Akad. Wet. Amsterdam, xin, p. 4:;8 [PUurnnecles planus, 



.\Iitchill] ; Korman, 1933. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., (10) xi, p. i2o. 

 Itinaiiddla, Jordan and Starks, igo6, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxi, p. ::o4 \ Plfurani-ctcs vokohama, 



CuntlH-r]. 



Close to Limanda, ditfering in havinf; the teeth compressed and incisor-like, 

 close-set, sometimes forming a continuous cutting ctlge ; never more than 6 teeth 

 on ocular side of either jaw ; caudal fin with 13 or 1 4 branched rays ; intestine narrow, 

 elongate, with 3 or more coils. 



■| hrec species ; one from the Atlantic coast of North America, two from Japan. 



Synopsis of the Species. 

 I. ICyes separated by a ridge, which is naked or scaled, width less than ^ 

 diameter of eye ; postocular ridge rugose. 

 A. Interorbital ridge nearly naked ; tips of gill-rakers sharply pointed ; 



68 to 75 scales in lateralline : dental formuhi ° , '■*"'!^ 1. herzensteim. 

 'J 2-6 + 19-24 



K. Interorbital ridge scaled ; tips of ,t;ill-rakers rounded or obtusely pointed ; 



75 to .10 scales in lateral line ; dental formula — ^-i — — ^ 2. yokohamer. 

 '■' 0—4 -Y 12-20 



11, Interorbital space fiat, .scaled, width J to .5 diameter of eye; postocular 



ridge not rugose ; 78 to 89 scales in lateral line . . -3 ameyicatius. 



I. PSEUDOPLEURONECTES HEKZENSTEINI (Jordan and Snyder). 



rieuroiuctes japonicus {non Houttuyn), Herzcnstein, 1801, [Mel. Riol., xiii (i)l Bull. Ac. Imp. Sri. 



St. Petersbourg, xxxiv (n.s. ii), p. 52. 

 I.tmanda herzensteini, Jordan and Snyder, igoi, Proc. U.S. Nal. Mus., .\xiii, p. 74*' : Jordan and 



Starks, 1904, Bull. U.S. Com. Fish., xxii, (igo;), p. 623. 

 .' Limanda japonica, Schmidt, 1904, Pise. Mar. Orient., p. 2.^4. 

 I.imanda angustirostru, (Kitahara) Jordan and Starks, 1906, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., xxxi, p. ;oS, 



tig. 15 ; Jord.in, Tanaka and Snyder, 1013, J. Coll. Sci. Tokyo, xxxiii (i), p. 326, fig. 275; 



Jordan and Thompson, 1914, Mem. Carnegie Mus., vi, p. 309, fig. 82 ; Hubbs, 1915, Proc. U.S. 



Nat. .Mus., xlviii, p. 485 ; Soldatov and Lindberg, 1930, Bull. Pac. Sci. Fish. Inst., v, p. 405. 

 l.tmanddla angusltrostris, Jordan and Hubbs, 192.S, Mem. Carnegie Mus., x, p. 299. 



Depth of body 2^ to 2} in the length, length of head 3} to 4J. Upper profile of 

 head more or less concave (nearly straight in young) above eyes. Snout as long as 

 or shorter than eye, diameter of which is 4 to 5 J in head ; lower eye a little in advance 

 of upper : interorbital ridge high, narrow, naked or with a few rudimentary scales, 

 width less than J diameter of eye ; postocular ridge inconspicuous, with an irregular 

 series of rugose areas ; similar but less developed rugose areas on blind side of head 

 in the same region. Maxillary extending to below anterior edge of eye or not quite 

 as far, length on ocular side 4! to 45, on blind side 35 to 4 in that of head ; lower 

 jaw a little projecting, 2} to 3 in head ; a fleshy projection on ocular side of lower 

 jaw fits into a distinct concavity in the upper. Teeth close-set, but not forming 



a continuous cutting edge ; dental formula — J^ Ltil^ Gill-rakers rather short 



2-5 + 19-24 

 and broad, with sharply pointed tips ; 6 to 8 on lower part of anterior arch ; width 

 of lower pharyngeals about 5 in length, the anterior teeth, especially those of inner 

 row, strong and obtusely conical, the remainder smaller and more sharply pointed. 

 Scales more or less embedded anteriorly, imbricated posteriorly, ctenoid or cycloid 

 on ocular side, the ctenoid scales being developed chiefly on head an<l posterior part 



