364 FLATFISHHS (HETICKOSOMATA) 



Close to Tanakiiis. Snout and eye-balls naked or more or less scaled. All the 

 rays of the dorsal and anal fins simple : tip of first interha;mal spine projecting 

 in front of anal fin, sometimes very small and hidden in the skin. Blind side of head 

 with large mucous cavities in the skull. 2 or 3 + 2 to 5 pyloric appendages. Vertebrae 

 58 to 65 (12-14 + 45-5^)- 



Three species from the North Atlantic and North Pacific. 



Synopsis of thi; Sphcihs. 



I. Pectoral of ocular side shorter than head ; snout not scaled . 58 to 60 

 vertebrs ; anal spine rather small [Glvptocephalus], 

 .^. Dorsal (95) 97-115 (120). anal 85-qg (102): 2 + 4 or 5 pyloric 



appendages . . . . . . . . .1. cynoglossus. 



B. Dorsal (83) 88-<)6 (97), anal (72) 75-80 ; 3 or 4 + 2 or 3 pyloric 



appendages . . . . . . . . . .2. stelleri. 



II Pectoral of ocular .side much longer than head ; snout more or less scaled ; 



65 vertebrae ; anal spine strong [Errex] .... 3. zachirua. 



I. GLVPTOCEPHALUS CVNOGLOSSUS (Linnjcus). 



[Witch : Pole Flounder.] 



Pltitronectrs cynoglossus, Linnsus, 1738. Svst. Nat.,ed. 10, p. 269 ; 1766, ed. iz, p. 456 ; Fries, 1839, 

 Vet. .Akad. Handl., Iix. (1838), p. 166; Nilsson, 1855, Skand. Faun., ed. 2, Fiskar, p. 6:3; 

 Gunther. 1862, Cat. Fish., iv, p. 449; CoUett, 1875, Vid.-Selsk. Forh., (1874), Till. p. 147; 

 Malm, 1877, Goteborgs Bohus. Fauna, p. 527 ; Day, 1880-S4, Fish. Britain, ii, p. 30, pi. ciii ; 

 Gunther, 1887, Deep-Sea Fish. " Challenger ", p. i6fi ; Gunther, 1888, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinb., 



XV, p. 219 ; Lilljeborg, 1891, Sverig. Norg. Fiskar, ii, p. 386 ; Sniitt, 1893, Scand. Fish., i, p. 

 378, pi. .xix, tig. 3 ; Holt and Calderwood, 1895, Sci. Trans. R. Dublin Soc., (ii) v, p. 50^ ; 

 Schnakenbeck, 192.^, in Tier. Nord Ostsee, L. ii, xii (l), p. 6, fig. 5 ; Saeniundsson, 1927, Vit. 

 Visind. Island, ii. p. 37 ; Schnakenbeck, 1929, in Joubin, Faun. Irhth. .\tlant. Nord, 111, lig. 



? Solca cynoglossa. Rafinesque, i8io, Ind. itt. Sicil., p. 53. 



Pleuronectes saxicola, Faber, 1828, Tidsskr. for Xaturvid., (14), p. 244. 



PlfUTonccles nigromanus, Nilsson, 1829, Isis (Oken), p. 401 ; N'Usson, 1832, Prodr. Irhth. Scand., p. 



55 ; Valenciennes, 1838-51, in Gaimard, Voy. Isl. Groenl., Atlas, Poiss. pi. xiii. 

 Cilyptocephalus saxicola, Gottsche, 1835, Arch. Naturgesch., 1 (2), p. 156. 

 Platessa pola, Jenyns, 1835, Man. Brit. .■\nim., p. 458 ; Varrell, 1836, Brit, Fish., ed. i, li, p. 227, 



tig. ; Bonaparte, 1846, Cat. metod. Pesci Europ., p. 48. 

 Platessa elongata, Varrell, 1839, Brit. Fish., ed. i, ii, Suppl. p. a ; Varrell, 1S41, lirit. Fish., ed. 2, 



ii.p. 31S. 

 Platessa saxicola, Kro\er, 1H43-5, Daniii.irks Fisk., 11, p. 338, tig. 

 Pleuronecles elongatus, Giinther, 1862, C.it. Fish., iv, p. 4Su; Dav, 1S79, Proc. Zool. Soc, p. 755, 



pi. Ixi. 

 Glyptocephahis elongatus. Gill, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. id., xxv, p. 362. 

 Glyptocephalus acadianus, Gill, 1873, torn, cit., p. 360. 

 Glvptocephalus cynoglossus. Gill, 1873, toni. cil., p. 360 ; Goode and Bean, 1879, Proc. U.S. Nat. 



Mus., i, (1878), p. 21 ; CoUett, 1879, Vid.-Selsk. Forh., {1S78), p. 98 ; Collett, 1880, Vid.-Selsk. 



Forh., (1879), p. 82; Collett, 1880, Xorske Xordhavs.Exped., Zool., Fiske, p. 150: Goodc, 



1881, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., iii, (18S0), p. 475 ; Jordan and Gilbert, 1883, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 



XVI, p. 838 ; Goodc. 1S84, .Nat. Hist. Aquat. Anini. (Fisheries Fish. Indust. U.S., i), p. 198, pi. 

 Ivii ; Jordan and Goss, 18S9, Rep. U.S. Com. Fish., xiv, (1886), p. 300, pi. viu, lig. 19 ; Goode 

 and Bean, 1S95, Ocean. Ichth., p. 340, pi. cii, tig. 356 ; Collett, 1896, Res. Camp. Sci. Monaco. 

 X, p. loi ; Jordan and Evermann, 1898, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., xlvii (3), p. 2657 ; Collett, 1903, 

 \'id.-Selsk. Forh., (1902), p. 102 ; Johnsen, 1919, Bergens .Mus. Aarb., 1918-1919, .No. 6, p. 47 : 

 Huntsman, 1922, Contr. Canad. Biol., 1921, .No. iii, p. 22; Bigelow and Welsh, 1925, Bull. 

 U.S. Bur. Fish., xl (i), (1924), p. 511, figs. 263-267 ; Knipovich, 1926, Trans. Inst. Sci. Explor, 

 North, xxvii,p. 141, hg. i..i ; Chabanaud, 1930, Bull. .Mus. Hist. nat. Pans, (2) 11, p. 627. 



Platessa cvnnglossa. Morcau, 18S1, Hist. Nat. Poiss. France, 111, p. 296. 



