OF AETS AND SCIENCES. 421 



tareo mox difFracto verrucoso albicante ; apotheciis mediocribus sessili- 

 bus nigris, disco aterrimo demum convexo margine obtuso tenuescente. 

 Sporte octonaj in tbecis clavatis, parvulae, incolores, oblongas, diblasta3, 

 diam. 2 — 3-plo longiores. Maritime rocks, Simoda, Japan (U. S. 

 Nortb Pacific. Expl. Exp,), 3fr. Wright. Thallus tbickisb, apparently 

 at first contiguous, but in the specimen much broken and warted, 

 whitish. Hypothallus appearing bluish-black at one point of the cir- 

 cumference. Apothecia from the thallus, middling-sized, thickish, at 

 length convex-protuberant ; the obtuse shining margin finally much 

 excluded by the swelling very black disk, which appears, in section, 

 brownish-violet within ; the hypothecium being of this color, especially 

 above, and tinging the hymenium. Spores small, oblong, often slightly 

 oblique (fabi^form), regularly diblastish, the sporoblasts tinged ob- 

 scurely yellowish, from twice to thrice longer than wide. The lichen, 

 of which but a single specimen was collected, has much the aspect of X. 

 contigua convexa (Fr. Lich. Suec. n. 378) ; but the spores connect it 

 with L. grossa, Nyl. (^L. premnea, Fr. Lich. Suec. n. 26 ; Borr. herb.), 

 which has a difi'erent thallus, and is confined to trunks. The spores of 

 L. grossa are larger than those of the present, and blunt-ellipsoid ; 

 while those of L. Simodensis are often not ill represented by Dr. 

 Koerber's figure of the spores of Ramalina (Syst. t. 2, f. 10). 

 Gatillaria, Massal. (Ric. p. 79), to which both these hchens are refer- 

 able (Z. grossa being regarded as the type of the genus by Koerber), is 

 admitted to be a more than commonly difiicult construction ; but the 

 type at least is perhaps easily considerable as a colorless expression of 

 Buellia, De Not. The last-named group appears better defined ; but, 

 considered as a genus, its relations with Rliizocarpon, Massal. (as see 

 especially Th. Fries, Lich. Arct. p. 226) are sufficiently puzzling. 



Lecidea Japonica, sp. nov. : thallo effuso e granulis minutis ap- 

 plaiiatis sublobatis squamuloso-imbricatulis viridi-fuscescentibus (lutes- 

 centibus) ; apotheciis parvulis appressis nigris, margine tenui distincto 

 discum plano-convexum scabridum demum hemispharicum hypothecio 

 nigro impositum cingente. Sporae octonse in thecis clavatis, mediocres, 

 fuscescentes, ellipsoideje, uniseptatoe, sporoblastis isthmo junctis, diam. 

 2^-plo longiores. On bark of Cryptomeria, Simoda, Japan (U. S. N. 

 Pacif. Expl. Exp.), Mr. Wright. Thallus of minute, confluent, lobed 

 and scale-like, somewhat imbricated, brownish-green, or also obscurely 

 yellowish, granules ; which are confused with the hypothallus. Apo- 

 thecia smallish, at first flattish ; a thin, distinct, or even slightly prom- 



