JOHNSTON: FLORA OF MARGARITA ISLAND. 275 



Bromelia Pinguin. Maya. 



GossYPiUM BARBADENSE. Algodon. Many hammocks are hand- 

 made from cotton on Margarita. See Ernst : La Exposicion nacional 

 de Venezuela en 1883, pages 560, 561 for quotation describing method 

 of making hammocks according to A. A. Level, La Margarita, pages 

 Ixviii and Ixix. 



MuSA PARADisiACA. Platano. 



TOURNEFORTIA HIRSUTISSIMA. NigUO. 



Tragia volubilis. Pringamosa Morada. 



Palma Carana so called by the natives and mentioned by Ernst. 

 Its specific identity is doubtful. The leaves are used to make brooms, 

 ropes, etc. 



GUMS AND RESINS. 



AcHRAS Zapota. Gum Chicle. Milk juice obtained by incision 

 in bark. Tapping may occur once in three years without danger to 

 life of tree. The raw milk is boiled and then allowed to harden into 

 the gum. Used for chewing gum. 



BuRSERA GUMMIFERA. Resina indio desnudo. 



Cercidium viride. Resna de cuica 6 yabo. This resin exudes 

 from the bark of the stem and branches, covering them in a continu- 

 ous layer. It is used by soap manufacturers. 



Clusea rosea. Resina de Copey. 



Hymenaea Courbaril. Resina de algarrobo. The resin exudes 

 from the stem and roots of the tree and is often found in a semi-fluid 

 state in the soil. It may be used for making varnish, like copal. Is 

 used for incense. 



Spondias lutea. Goma de joho. 



DYES AND TANNIN. 



BiXA ORELLANA. Onoto. The seeds are covered with a deep red 

 pulp which hardens when dry, and being separated from the seeds 

 forms the arnatto of commerce, used by dyers and varnish-makers 

 also for coloring cheese and butter. The South American Indians 

 paint their bodies with it. 



Caesalpinia coriaria. Dividive. The pods contain from 30 to 

 40% tannin and form an important article of exportation from several 

 ports of Venezuela. 



