Anatomy of the Kingfishers. Ill 



distinct to their insertions. The posterior muscle is very 

 much larger than the anterior. As exceptions, I found in 

 the eutaxic Alcedtnes and in Cittura sanghirensis that the 

 anterior muscle was relatively smaller. 



Fio-. 12. 



Humeral muscles of Dacelo gigantea. 

 H., humerus ; anc, anconaeiis scapularis, cut short ; sea., scMpuli-humeriilis 

 anterior; scp., scapuli-humeralis posterior; Int., latissimus dorsi, 

 anterior et posterior. 



Subcoraco-scapularis. — In all the Kingfishers the subsca- 

 pularis portion of this compound muscle is in two divisions, 

 separated by the insertion of the serratus slip. In Dacelo 

 the externus is much larger than the interims, and its 

 insertion reaches nearly opposite the point where the scapula 

 bends downwards. The origin of the internus just reaches 

 the clavicle. In Ceryle maxima the clavicular origin is more 

 marked, and the same condition is present in the other 

 forms. The coracoid division of the muscle is large and 

 normal in all the Cerylcs, in the species of Sawopatis, in the 

 Alcedines, in Ceyx, and in Halcyon rufa, extending down to 

 the sterno-coracoid ; but in Halcyon pileata and in Dacelo it 

 is reduced to a slender ligament. These may be individual 

 variations, but they are interesting as suggesting a tendency 

 to change in this generally constant muscle. 



Anconceus and Expansor secundariorum. — The scapular 

 and humeral portions of the muscle are well developed, and 

 practically identical in all the Kingfishers, but that specialized 

 portion of the muscle called the expansor secundariorum by 



