40 Mr. F. E. Beadanl on ihe 



more accurately, tlicy appear to do so. For it seems quite 



possible that the tirst pair of median ceuti'al outgrowths 



which have been spoken of above as " catapoi)hyses " are 



not really the equivalents of the succeeding eata])opliyses. 



Although the two processes of the sixth vertebra enclose a 



gutter between themselves, yet their position is rather 



flitt'crent from that occupied Ijy the catapophyscs upon 



subsequent segments. Moreover, the non-correspondence 



of the vtutral paired processes of vertebra G in Balcarica 



with the catajjophyscs lying upon the vertebrae which follow 



would seem to receive some support from a consideration 



of the nature and relations of processes upon corresponding 



vcrtebne in Tetrapteryx paradisea ; in the latter Crane, 



unquestionable catapophyscs begin upon the sixth vertebra, 



but on the vertebra in front of this is a slightly bifid median 



spine lying behind the fossa already referred to. It might, 



of c(;urse, be suggested that this spine is the equivalent 



of the separate ventral processes of the sixth vertebra of 



Balearica. If we had only these two types to consider, the 



matter would be at least difficult to settle ; but it seems to 



me that an examination of Grus carunculata solves the whole 



difficulty. In this Crane the first pair of catapophyses are 



upon the 5th vertebra ; they are situated behind the fossa, 



but they are widely apart, so as to lie rather laterally as well 



as ventrally. These catapophyses belong to the category of 



the venti'al processes which arc not undoubted equivalents of 



those upon subsequent segments, but it will be observed 



that they approach them in the fact of their being more 



lateral in position. 



Now, on the next vertebra, i. e. the sixth, there are lateral 

 jn'oeesses which no one could possibly refuse to regard as 

 true catapophyses ; and yet this vertebra has the median 

 fossa of the one which precedes it. It is rather less obvious, 

 but still it unmistakably exists. The difficulty therefore of 

 homologizing these processes seems to be removed by an 

 examination of the present species. It seems permissible then 

 to look upon the catapophyses as ^' divided hypapophyses," 

 which become nioie and more Avidely divaricated nnd finally 



