310 Capt. B. Alexander on the 



brown, with no tinge of rufous ; scapulars ashy grey, wing 

 coverts and secondaries clear brown ; feathers of the breast 

 with dark brown shaft-stripes, and on each side a remarkable 

 patch of dark cinnamon. 



85. Lanius smith I (Fraser). 



Lanius smithii Shelley & Buckley, Ibis, 1872, p. 288 (Cape 

 Coast) ; Gadow, Cat. B. viii. p. 258 (1883) ; Reichen. J. f. O. 

 1897, p. 33 (Togoland). 



Krachi and Pong. 



A common species from Krachi down to the coast, but 

 not met with in the Hinterland. Young individuals were 

 found at the end of May. In the immature bird the breast 

 and crown are the first to assume adult plumage. 



86. Lanius aukiculatus (Mull.). 



Lanius senator Reichen. J. f. O. 1891, p. 386, et 1897, 

 p. 33 (Togoland) ; Hartert, Nov. Zool. vi. p. 416 (Gambaga). 



Lanius auriculatus Gadow, Cat. B. viii. p. 283. 



Binduri, Gambaga, and Gomieri. 



In a young bird the white base to all the primaries is 

 conspicuous, the black forehead is slightly indicated; while the 

 crown, nape, and under parts are strongly vermiculated with 

 brown, and the scapulars and rump are cream-coloured. This 

 bird was killed on the 1 1th of March — a late date, if L. auricu- 

 latus is considered to be only a winter visitor to West Africa. 

 At the same time fully adult males were obtained, the last 

 being procured on May 4, 1901. At Gambaga, in March, a 

 pronounced visitation of males in full plumage took place. 

 These were, no doubt, returning northward to Europe. Still 

 it is quite possible, though further dates are required, that 

 a certain number remain in Africa to breed. This would 

 account for our young bird, almost in nestling-plumage, 

 being obtained in March. 



87. Lanius badius Hartl. 

 Phoneus hadius Shelley, B. Afr. i. p. 52. 

 Lanius badius Gadow, Cat. B. viii. p. 285 ; Hartert, Nov. 

 Zool. vi. p. 415 (Gambaga). 



In our specimen the 5th, 6th, and 7th primaries have 



