18 ASCAROIDEA 



with narrow lumen. Tail in both sexes tapering and pointed. 

 Male with ten or more pairs of caudal papillae (of which three 

 pairs are preanal) and an impaired preanal papilla. Preanal 

 caudal muscles of male sometimes aggregated into one or 

 several fan-shaped sucker-like organs. Spicules equal, 

 relatively short, sickle-shaped, tisually broadly alate. An 

 accessory piece usually present, sometimes imperfectly 

 chitinized or absent. Vulva towards, the posterior third of 

 the body. Eggs usually large, thick-shelled, oval, laid at 

 various stages of development, according to species. 



Hab. Intestine of Tortoises, Batrachians and fresh-water 

 Fishes. 



Genotype : S. gracile Leidy, 1856. 



Leidy, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Philadelphia, viii, 52; 

 Lane, 1915, Ind. Journ. Med. Res., Calcutta, iii, 109 ; Baylis, 

 1920, Ajin. Mag. Nat. Hist., London, vi, 414; Travassos, 

 1920, Arch. Esc. Sup. Agric. e Med. Vet., Nictheroy, iv, 21 ; 

 Baylis & Daubney, 1922, Mem. Ind. Mus., Calcutta, vii, 309 ; 

 Boulenger, 1923, Parasitol., xv, 53 ; Chapin, 1924, Journ. 

 Parasitol., x, 212. 



4. Zanclophorus Baylis & Daubney, 1922. 



Head somewhat narrower than neck, surrounded by a 

 slight cuticular collar at its base. Lips large, entire, anteriorly 

 flattened, each carrying a pair of rather prominent papillae 

 and bordered internally by cuticular fringes. Oral cavity 

 with three separate double horseshoe-shaped chitinoid supports 

 at its angles. Pharynx with wide lumen, lined with thickened 

 cuticle. A single, well-developed, muscular, preanal sucker 

 present in the male. Spicules as in Spironoura, but relatively 

 much longer. A large, but incompletely chitinized, accessory 

 piece present. Female organs as in Spironoura. 



Hab. Stomach and intestine of land Tortoises. 

 Genotype : Z. annandalei Baylis & Daubney, 1922. 



Baylis & Daubney, 1922, 3Iem. Ind. Mus., Calcutta, vii, 310. 



5. Cruzia Travassos, 1917. 



Syn. Oxysoma Schneider, 1866, e. p. 



Head not distinct. Lateral fields broad. Lips well 

 developed, subtriangular. Pharynx three-sided, with narrow 

 lumen, strongly chitinized, and containing three longitudinal 

 series of anteriorly-directed teeth. At its base there are also 

 three large, blunt, tooth-like structures. Intestine with an 

 anterior caecum. Tail of male conical. Nine pairs of caudal 

 papillae present (four preanal, five postanal). Ventral 

 surface of preanal region rugose. Caudal muscles well 

 developed but not aggregated into a sucker-like [organ. 



