ONCHOLAIMINAE 113 



6. Gammanema Cobb, 1920. 



Cuticle rather finely striated, without bristles except near 

 the extremities. Head not distinct, with six short labial 

 bristles and six longer, jointed cephalic bristles. There are 

 apparently twelve lips, joined by a membrane with various 

 anterior appendages, the whole resembling a leaf-crown. 

 Twelve of the appendages are longer than the others and 

 have spatulate terminations. Lateral organs unknown. 

 Pharynx wide, shallow and cup-shaped, with three inwardly- 

 pointing teeth at its base. From the base of the pharynx 

 extend three chitinoid rod-like structures, connected with the 

 musculature of the oesophagus. Oesophagus diminishes in 

 diameter behind, without bulb. Caudal end of male with 

 at least sixteen small preanal supplementary organs, and a 

 few submedian bristles near the anus. Spicules slender. 

 Accessory pieces apparently two, " obscure." Testes paired, 

 opposed, outstretched. Female genital tube single, posterior, 

 reflexed. Caudal glands and spinneret present. 



Hab. Marine. 



Genotype : O. ferox Cobb, 1920. 



Cobb, 1920, Contr. Sci. NematoL, ix, 291 and key. 



7. Spilophora Bastian, 1865. 



Syn. Spiliphera Bastian, 1865 ; Hypodontolaimus de Man, 

 1886 ; Halichoanolaimus de Man, 1886 ; Trogolaimus Cobb, 

 1920. 



Cuticle striated. Head not distinct, without apparent 

 lips, but with bristles. Lateral organs spiral. Pharynx 

 more or less cup-shaped, with longitudinal folds anteriorly 

 and three chitinoid processes extending backwards from its 

 base into the walls of the oesophagus. Oesophagus somewhat 

 swollen behind, sometimes with a bulb. 



Hab. Marine or fresh water. 

 Genotype : S. elegans Bastian, 1865. 



Bastian, 1865, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, xxv, 165, 178; 



Steiner, 1916, Zool. Jahrb., Syst., xxxix, 523. 

 j Steiner (1916) considers it doubtful whether Spilophora 



can be distinguished from Chromadora. He refers to the 

 1 fact that three posterior processes of the pharyngeal wall are 

 ! mentioned by Bastian in his descriptions of both genera. 

 j A study of Bastian's figures shows, however, that the pro- 

 I cesses in Spilophora are quite different in nature from those 



in Chromadora, the latter appearing simply as thickenings of 

 ■ the posterior part of the pharyngeal wall. On this account 

 ' we have retained Spilophora as a distinct genus, although on 



many points the description of the genotype is incomplete. 



SYN. NEM. I 



