212 FILARIOIDEA 



as3rmmetrically placed. Spicules very unequal and dissimilar. 

 Vulv^a in middle region of body, occasionally displaced 

 posteriorly. 



Hab. Stomach of Mammals, proventriculus and gizzard of 

 Birds. 



Genotype : H. [Filaria] muscae (Carter, 1861). 



Carter, 1861, Trans. Med. Phys. Soc, Bombay, 62; Diesing, 

 1861, Sitz. h. Akad. Wiss., Wien, xliii, 270, 273; Ransom, 

 1913, U.S. Dept. Agric, Bur. Anim. Indust. Bull. 163; 

 Seurat, 1914, Compt. rend. Soc. Biol., Paris, Ixxix, 295. 



Seurat (1914) proposes the genus Cyrnea for a Spirurid 

 parasite of a partridge which, he says, differs from Habronema 

 in the absence of lateral alae and usually in the presence of an 

 egg-reservoir in the ovejector. 



4. Parabronema BayHs, 1921. 



Syn. ? Squamanema Van Thiel, 1925. 



Lips and dorsal and ventral shields resembling those of 

 Habronema. Cuticle of head thick, folded so as to form a 

 circlet of six horseshoe-shaped auricular appendages, of which 

 two are lateral and four submedian. Buccal capsule elongate, 

 cylindrical posteriorly. Tail of male with lateral alae towards 

 its tip, four pairs of preanal and two pairs of postanal papiUae, 

 arranged somewhat asymmetrically, and a large median double 

 precloacal papilla. Spicules markedly unequal. Tail of 

 female short, bluntly conical, and curved dorsally. Vulva 

 near posterior end of oesophagus. 



Hab. Stomach wall of Elephants and other Mammals. 

 Genotype : P. indicum Baylis, 1921. 



Baylis, 1921, Parasitol, xiii, 58; Khalil, 1922, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc, London, 205; van Thiel, 1925, Aym. Parasitol., Paris, iii, 

 176. 



Squamanema bonnei Van Thiel, 1925, the only species of the 

 genus, is compared by the author with Gongylonema, but 

 appears to us to be much more closely related to Habronema 

 and Parabronema, with the latter of which it is probably 

 identical. 



5. Hartertia Seurat, 1915. 



Lips large, triangular, with trilobed pulp and with three 

 internal lobes. A reduced buccal capsule present. Lateral 

 cervical alae may be present. Tail of male with broad sym- 

 metrical alae. Six pairs of pedunculate caudal papillae present 

 (four preanal and two postanal), and a group of small sessile 

 papiUae near the tip of the tail. Spicules very unequal. 

 Accessory piece present. Vulva in middle region of body. 



