214 FILARIOIDEA 



to host. Vulva near anus. Eggs oval, with terminal opercula 

 and containing embryos when laid. 



Hab. Stomach and mouth-cavity of Amphibia and 

 Chelonia. 



Genotype : H. androphora Nitzsch, 1821. 



Nitzsch, 1821, Allg. Encycl. Wiss. Kilnste {Ersch d; Gruber), 

 Leipzig, i, 48; Chandler, 1919, Journ. Parasitol., v, 117. 



9. Desmidocerea Skrjabin, 1916. 



Small forms with inconspicuous lips and, apparently, a 

 cuticular ring somewhat resembling that seen in Spirura, 

 especially prominent laterally. A slender buccal capsule 

 present. Oesophagus extremely long. Tail of both sexes 

 bluntly rounded, furnished with a group of small spines or 

 processes at its tip. Spicules unequal. No caudal papillae 

 observed. Vulva in posterior region of body. 



Hab. Air-sacs of aquatic Birds. 

 Genotype : D. aerophila Skrjabin, 1916. 



Skrjabin, 1916, Ann. Mus. Zool., Petrograd, xx, 530; Seurat, 

 1920, Bull. Soc. Hist. nat. Afrique du Nord, Alger, xi, 9. 



Seurat (1920) has suggested that Desmidocerea ought to be 

 considered as a Filariid. We feel that the position of the vulva 

 and the presence of a buccal capsule indicate the relationship 

 of this genus to the Spiruridae. As Skrjabin has pointed out, 

 this is an adult form retaining larval characters. The spines 

 at the tip of the tail closely resemble those seen in the larvae 

 of Habronema and other Spirurid genera. 



Subfam. 2. ARDUENNINAE Railliet & Henry, 1911. 



Lips not prominent, but trilobed. Dorsal and ventral cuti- 

 cular shields absent. Buccal capsule or pharynx typically 

 with annular or spiral thickenings in its walls. Asymmetry 

 frequently present in cervical and caudal alae, and in caudal 

 X^apillae and other structures of male. Four pairs of preanal 

 and one or two pairs of large postanal papillae present. An 

 accessory piece present. 



1. Arduenna Raillict & Henry, 1911. t 



A cervical ala present on the left side only. Lips trilobed. 

 Two lateral teeth in the oral cavity. Buccal capsule with 

 spiral cuticular ridges in its wall. Tail of male with asym- 

 metrical alae. Four pairs of preanal and one pair of postanal 

 pedunculate papillae present. Cloaca surrounded by a serrate 

 cuticular thickening. Spicules very unequal. 



