222 FILARIOIDEA 



London, 266 ; 1915, Brit. Antarct. (" Terra Nova ") Exp., 1910, 

 Nat. Hist. Rep., Zool., ii, (3) 29; Baylis, 1920, Ann. Mag. 

 Nat. Hist., London, (9) v, 418 ; 1922, Parasitol., xiv, 9. 



This apparently aberrant genus is placed here on account 

 of its considerable resemblance to Tropisurus. It has been 

 treated by some authors as a member of the family Filariidae, 

 but its resemblance to that group is due chiefly to its elongated 

 form. It is definitely excluded from the Filariidae by the 

 position of the vulva. 



Subfam. 4. PHYSALOPTERINAE Stossich, 1898 {fide 

 Stiles & Hassall). 



Lips large and entire, with forwardly-projecting teeth and 

 frequently followed by a cuticular collar, which is entire and 

 does not form dorsal and ventral shields. No buccal capsule. 



1. Physaloptera Rudolphi, 1819. 



Syn. Chlamydonema Noordhoek Hegt, 1910; Abreviata 

 Travassos, 1920 ; Leptosoma Travassos, 1920, nee Whitman, 

 1886 ; Turgida Travassos, 1920. 



Each lip armed with a variable number of teeth ; typically 

 a large, external, median tooth and three internal teeth. In 

 addition there may be a row of small denticles on the inner 

 surface. Head usually more or less retractile within a sheath 

 of cuticle. Tail of male with swollen lateral alae which are 

 continuous across the ventral surface in front of the cloaca. 

 Four pairs of pedunculate papillae supporting the alae, 

 generally close to the cloaca. A variable number of sub- 

 ventral, sessile papillae ; usually three pairs preanal and 

 five pairs postanal. Spicules unequal, subequal or equal. 

 Uterus with two, four or many branches. 



Hab. Alimentary canal (generally stomach) of Mammals, 

 Birds and Reptiles, rarely Amphibians. 

 Genotype : P. cla^isa Rudolphi, 1819. 



Rudolphi, 1819, Entozoorum Synopsis, 29, 255-6, 643 ; 

 Hall, 1916, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1, 212; Ortlepp, 1923, 

 Proc. Zool. Soc, London (1922), 1004, 1011. 



2. Heliconema Travassos, 1919. 



Head resembles that of Physaloptera. Tail of male with 

 broad alae, supported by ten pairs of pedunculate papillae, 

 four of which are preanal and one aclanal. Spicules very 

 unequal, the longer filiform and at least ten times as long 

 as the shorter. 



