"GYNANDR0M0RPHI8M" AND KINDRED 

 PROBLEMS. 



WITH DESCRIPTIONS AND FIGURES OF SOME HITHERTO 

 UNDESCRIBED EXAMPLES. 



By E. a. COCKAYNE, M.D., M.R.C.P., F.E.S. 



CONTENTS. 



rAOB 



OCCUBKENCE OF Gynandeomorphism. 



structure and Ckssificatiou 75 



Gynandromorphism associated with Heterochroism . . . . 8'2 

 Larvae which showed Heterochroism aud produced tiynandromorplious 



imagines 86 



Insects showing segregation of somatic characters (Heterochroism) but 



no segregation of sexual characters (Gynandromorpliism) . . 87 

 Gynandromorphs partly of male type colour, and partly of aberrational 



colour limited to the female sex 93 



Hebeditaky and Familial Nature oe Gynandhomorphism ... 93 



Hereditary Gynandromorphism probably of Indirect Descent . . 97 



Hereditary Gynandromorphism probably of Direct Descent . . . 107 



Hybrid Gy'nandromoephs .......... 114 



Gynandromorphous mongrels 116 



Theoretical explanations of Gy.nandromorphism ..... 117 



Conclusions 127 



Description of Plates 128 



BlBLIOOKAPHY l.SO 



OCCUREENCE OF GYNANDROMORPHISM. 



Strvxiture and Classification. 



Sexual dimorphism is so well marked in insects, especially in the 

 Lepidoptera, that the two sexes of the same species have sometimes 

 been assigned to different species and even to different genera. Very 

 striking therefore is the appearance of those individuals which -show on 

 one side all the characters, size, shape, and colour of the one sex, and 

 tin the other, those of the opposite sex. Their existence was known 



