94 '^ (TiinaHdroinorpliisiti' mid Kindred Frohleins 



(b) Male orange colour except for some scales of female ab. pallida 

 on left hindwing, female antennae and female external genitalia on the 

 left side. 



Colias mijriiiidone. 



Left forewing male, the other three wings male with streaks of 

 female c<ilour ab. idha : underside left forewing male, other three wings 

 wholly female ab. alba : abdomen male. 



Colias electra. 



Right side male type, left pale lemon colour (vur. aurivillius). 

 Entomologist, 1891, XXIV, p. 216. 



With regard to the genus Colias Gerould's experiments in breeding 

 C. philodice lead him to take the view that the white aberrational colour 

 is dominant over the typical yellow colour in the female, and the yellow 

 colour dominant over the white in the male. He also considers that 

 almost all the white females are heterozygous for colour, and that homo- 

 zygous whites, male and female alike, almost invariably fail to develop. 

 The families of C. edusa reared by Frohawk, Harrison and Main {Proc. 

 South Lond. Nat. Hist. Soc. 190-5-6, p. 75), Sharp {Ent Record, 1914, 

 XXVI, p. S2), and Tatchell {ibid. p. 49) suggest that in this species too 

 orange males may be either homozygous for orange or heterozygous 

 (orange-white), but white females ab. helice are all heterozygous (orange- 

 white). On this supposition gynandromorphs partly of orange male 

 colour and partly of female white colour might either be of the same 

 constitution for colour in both areas, i.e. heterozygous, or might differ as 

 the heterochroic females must do and have the orange portions homo- 

 zygous for orange and the white portions heterozygous. 



It is possible that paphia-mdesina gynandromorphs may be alike in 

 actual constitution as regards colour, though the male and female areas 

 are so strikingly different in appearance. 



Ganoris napi. 



(a) Left side male, right female ab. bryoniae. 



(b) Wholly male except for part of left forewing which is ab. 

 h'yoniae. 



(c) Right forewing male, other three wings ab. bryoniae. 



The ab. bryoniae is evidently dominant to the type and limited to 

 the female sex. Mr H. Main informs me that in his experiments males 

 from a bryoniae female crossed with napi females give all najn in F^ 

 and F.., but male napi crossed with female bryoniae give all males napi, 



