E. A. Cockayne 113 



paired with two males. Tliough l;uti;el\- male on the right and female 

 on the left, it was a mixed gyuandroiiiorph. 



The Eugster gynandromorph bees were repeatedly observed to pair 

 with normal mal(>s. 



W^enke gives other instances. 



But even when copulation is possible, it by no means follows that 

 fertile ova can be produced in genetic and primary somatic hermaphro- 

 dites; it must be an occurrence so rare as to be negligible. In the 

 secondary somatic hermaphrodites, on the contrary, fertile ova may be 

 expected, whether they are of male or female type. 



Amongst the Lymantria dispar L. x Lymantria vat. japonica Motsch., 

 the more male of the male gynandromorphs and weibchen-mannchen, 

 and the more female of the female gynandromorphs possessed the sexual 

 instincts of males anrl females respectively and were fertile. The more 

 intermediate specimens had loss of .sexual instinct. 



The most complete example of hereditary gynandromorphism is that 

 recorded by Olga Kuttner in Cladocera. 



A young Daphnia pulex was found wild which had some male 

 characters on one side, though two ovaries and no testes were present. 

 Twelve broods were produced by parthenogenesis and in nearly all of 

 them there were some individuals, which showed mixed gynandro- 

 morphism. Male characters were present to a varying extent, and 

 were chietiy observable in the taste antennae and first foot ; in some, 

 male characters were present on both sides, but in the majority they 

 were confined to one side. 



Nearly all were predominantly female and only possessed ovaries. 



Four generations were obtained, and in all of them similar specimens 

 continued to appear. 



In the last seven broods produced by the original specimen there 

 were 104 individuals, 79 female, 24 gynandromorphous, and 1 male 

 (24 y^ gynandromorphs). 



In the whole of the third generation there were 350 individuals. 



Normal females 253 = 72-3% 



Gynandromorphs with ovaries only ... 85 = 24'3 % 



Gynandroiuori)hs with testes only ... 3= 0'85 % 



Gynandromorphs with ovary and testis ... 3= 0'85 % 



Normal males ... ... ... ... 6= 1'7% 



And in the fourth generation there were 80 individuals, of which 17 

 (21 %) were gynandromorphous. 



Journ. of Geu. v 8 



