THE OSPREY. 



137 



Generally SwaiiisoiTs appreciation of affinities 

 was not bad. Sometimes, however, he hit quite 

 wide of the mark. For instance, two of his 

 species of Prncnias (25, 37) did not belong- to the 

 same family or great group of birds as the type 

 which, nevertheless, he had for comparison, and 

 indeed tig-ured on a neighboring- plate (21). A 

 similar fault was manifested in the reference to 

 the Wrens (140; of a bii^d which, though like a 

 Wren superficially, is very unlike one in struc- 

 tural characters and belongs to a wideU' distinct 

 family [Fcuiiiiaii-iidce] peculiar to tropical 

 America. 



Swainson's delay in publishing- the results 

 of his expedition was unfortunate for himself. 

 Meanwhile, some of the forms new when he 

 beg-an his explorations had been made known 

 by others. As he remarks in the "Preface" 

 (1823) to the third volume of his Zoolog-ical 

 Illustrations (j). viil "a g^reat part of the new 

 objects collected during- [hisj travels in Rurope 

 and Brazil [had| recently been made public bj- 

 Messrs. Temminck and Godart", Temminck hav- 

 ing- described the birds and Godart the butter- 

 flies. It is noteworthy that he preferred to draw 

 from the collections of others rather than from 

 his own. Especially did he avail himself of the 

 privilege of using the Bullock and Leadbeater 

 Museums. The "manj- entireU' new species" 

 of Trochilids, the "two or three new Toucans'" 

 and the "singular Goatsucker" were mostly 

 neglected. Of the seven Toucans illustrated, 

 only one was obtained in Brazil and that b^' 

 Langsdorff and of the five Trochilids only one. 

 The sing-ular Goatsucker with a tail doubly 

 forked" was never described by Swainson, but 

 was probabU^ that named in 1837 (Nat. Hist. 

 Birds, i, 105; ii, 339) Psahii-us "'bifuirafus Sw. Sp. 

 Nov." If we may be allowed to g-uess what it 

 was, (and we have apparently" the representa- 

 tion of the tail to help us,) we may infer that it 

 was mereh' the ordinary Hyiiropsalis torqiiata 

 of Eastern Brazil — the same as he had also 

 named Psalurns macroptenis when he took Tem- 

 minck's Capriiniilgns psalunis as the type of his 

 supposed new genus Psalunis. 



Swainson is thus seen to have been bj' no 

 means well informed as to the aspects of Bra- 

 zilian ornithology when he made his first esti- 

 mate on reaching- home. 



In these Illustrations, Swainson ventured to 

 make few g-enera, although there was ample 

 reason for some, especialU' for the reception of 

 two of his species of Proaiias and his Troglo- 

 dyfes recti rosiris. The only genus of birds 

 established was Halcyon (pi. 28), since univer- 

 sally adopted. Among- Butterflies he founded 

 several and in conchology one (Conoclix). 



All the South American birds, except Nccfa- 

 rinia fl areola (142), figured in the Illustrations 

 (1820-1823) are identiiied in the British Museum 

 Catalog-ues and references to the volumes and 

 pages are now appended, {e. ff. 20, 264^vol. 20, 

 p. 264): most of the names therein used are es- 

 sentially' those which would be adopted by 

 American ornithologists, but instead of (78) 

 Deiidrobates, (previously used for a well-known 

 g-enus of South American toads,) W'uilliornis 

 would be substituted and (154) Geothlypis velata 

 should be replaced by 6". cucullata. The species 



names without nomenclator's names following- 

 were given \>y Swainson as new; those with 

 authorities express Swain son's views. 



AMKKICAX BIRDS OF ILLUSTK ATIONS. 



1. Psittacus cav< nnensis [=^flrol()i^ervs chry- 



sopteius [\M\\\).—2(),2M\. 



Cayenne. 

 7. Carduelis cucullata { = Clirvsoiiii/ris cucul- 

 lata Sw. 12. 225]. 



Spanish Main: E. Falkner. 

 14. Picus rubiginosus {=C/iloro}ieipes rubii^i- 



uosus Sw|.— 18, 86]. 



Spanish Main: E. Falkner. 

 I't. Tinamus Tataujia (Temminck) var [=/b. — 



27, 525]. 



Bahial 



20. Picus Braziliensis [=(7/l(>/(>ut/pes brasi- 



liensis Sw. 18, 73J. 

 P,ahia: 



21. Procnias hirundacea [=/'roc/iias tersa 



(Linn). - 11, 50]. 

 Bahia! 

 25. Procnias melanocephalus [^Aiiipt'lioti iiie- 

 lanocephatus Sw. — 14, 374]. 

 Bahial 



31. Phibalura cristata \_^Pliil>alura flaz'irosfris 



Vieill. -14, 372|. 



S. Am.: Miss E. Yeates. 



32. Psaris cuvieri \^=Pac/!vr/iaiup/ius -eir it/is 



Vieill. 14. 338J. 

 Brazil. 



37. Prf)cnias cucullata [^.Inipelion cucullatus 



Sw.^14, 374. 



Brazil: Miss E. Yeates. 



38. Picus bicolor [j=Melauerpes cauJiilus Otto. 



—18, 148]. 



Brazil: Sent Sw. from "Minas Geraies. " 



44. Pteroglossus sulcatus \j=Aulacorhaniphus 



sukatus Sw.— 19. 154). 

 Spanish Main. 



45. Ramphastos carinatus [~=Ib.- VK 125]. 



[Central America, etc]. 

 49. Oxvrhvncus cristatus [=C).vvr/ia»ip/nis 



flaiu'iniceps Temni.— 18, 281]. 



Brazill 

 56. Ramphastos vitellinus 111. [=/^.— 19, 132]. 



Hab. unknown: [Venezuela, etc]. 

 78. Picus affinis \j=J^endrobatcs affiiiis Sw. — 



18.362]. 



Brazill 



82. Ti-ochilus niger [^P'lo)/su<;a fusca Vieill. — 



16.331]. 

 Brazill 



83. Trochilus falcatus [ = Caiiipvlopteius la::ulus 



Vieill- 16. 292]. 

 Bullock's Museum. 



89. Psittacus murinus Gm. \=J/vops/tta iiioua- 



r/^//.? Bodd.— 20. 231]. 



90. Pterog-lossus inscriptus \^/b. — 0, 146]. 



"Interior of Guyana": Bullock. 

 9<^). TamatiamacrorhA'nchosexGmelin [^Bucco 



Swaitisoiiii Gi'av. — 19, 181]. 



S. Brazil. 

 100. Xenopsgenibarbisexlllig-er \=Ib. — 15, 110]. 



"Inhabits Brazil but is rare." 

 105. Trochilus recurvirostris \=Ai'0cettula re- 



curvirostris Sw. — 16, 101]. 



Peru: Bullock. [Guiana]. 



