35.2 Mr. Swynnerton on Mixed Bird-parties. 



thoracica (Shaw& Nodder), CampepJiaga nigra\ie\\\., Barha- 

 tula bilineata Sundev., Cimiyris vennstus niassee Reicliw. — 

 ill each case singly or iu pairs, or at most in small family 

 parties ; and, in family or larger parties, Zosterops anders- 

 soni, Anthreptes hypodilus (Jardine), and Pycnonotus layardi 

 Gurney. 



On the other hand, in the " wooded pastures '* (Welwitsch's 

 description, and quite the best I know for what Marshall 

 calls " open forest ") the Drongo is Dicriirus afer (Licht.), 

 not Dicrurus ludwigi, and the other birds of the assem- 

 blage are : — (1), in more or less lai-ge parties, Sigmodus 

 tricolor (Gray), Prionops talacoma Smith, Crateropus kirki 

 Sharpe (equivalent in its duties to Phyllastrephus capensis 

 in the forest), Eremomela scotops Sundev., Irrisor erythro- 

 rhynchus (Lath.), and sometimes Pycnonotus layardi ; (2), in 

 pairs or small parties, Pycnonotus layardi, Emberiza major 

 orientalis (Shelley), Parus niger Bonn. & VieilL, Nilaus 

 brubru (Lath.), Dryoscopus ciibla (Shaw), Sylviella whytei 

 Shelley, Prinia mystacea lliipp., Alseonax subadusta 

 SlieWej^ Batis molitor [H. kK.), Brady ornis murinus Fiusch 

 & Hartl., Graucaliis pectoralis Jard. & Selby, Lophoceros 

 melanoleucus (Licht.), Campothera bennetti (Smith), Dendro- 

 picus zanzibari Mahl., and Barbatula extoni Layard (actually 

 shot) ; (3), occasionally found, Oriolus larvatus Licht., 

 Hyphantornis nigriceps Layard (near its haunts), Sitagra 

 ocularia (Smith), Estrilda kilimensis (partly insectivorous), 

 Cinnyris niasste and C. chalybcBus (Linn.), Laniarius starki 

 Scl. f., Telephonus seneg(dus (l^iun.), Turdas tropicalis Peters, 

 and Rhinopomastus cyanomelas (Vieill.) ; also (purely frugi- 

 vorous) Colius striatus minor Cab., and Gallirex porphyreo- 

 lophus (Vigors), and (graminivorous) Chalcopdia afra (Linn.). 

 I have also found Camjjephaga nigra Vieill., Bradyornis ater 

 Sundev., and Heliolais erythroptera (Jard.), in these parties. 

 Their most constant members, actually, are Dicrurus afer, 

 the Helmet-Shrikes, the Crateropus, Batis molitor, Bradyornis 

 murinus, and Graucalus pectoralis. 



Each party has its special area of forest or wooded pasture 



