396 Miss M. D. Havilaud on Bird-Migration 



far north, the species seen are all represented locally, and 

 it is impossible to say whether they have been reared in the 

 district or are passengers from yet higher latitudes. 



Por the purposes of this paper, the birds that I observed 

 at Golchika can be divided into two groups : those whose 

 return migration appeared to take place at the heyday of 

 the summer, quite independently of weather-conditions or 

 food-supply ; and those whose southAvard movement was 

 put off until the winter storms drove them away. Certain 

 interesting s^pecies, such as the Red-breasted Goose (Bj-anta 

 ruficollis). Long-tailed Skua {Stercorarius longicauda) , and 

 Bar- tailed God wit (Limosa lapponica), were too scarce to 

 allow of any observations being made of their movements. 



The first group included the Turnstone [Arenaria in- 

 terpj-es), Grey Phalarope (^Phalaropus fulicarius), Shore-Lark 

 {Otocorys a(2)estris), Red-throated Pipit [Anthus cervhus), 

 Curlew-Sandpiper [Tringa ferruginea) , Arctic Tern {Sterna 

 paradisea), and possibly the Red-necked Phalarope [Phu- 

 laropus lohatus) and Wheatear [CEnanthe cenanthe). 



Of these, the Turnstone was the only species that I did 

 not find bi ceding in the district ; in fact, it did not occur 

 there at all until August 12, when I shot a bird from a 

 little flock of four on the western shores of the river. The 

 specimen was a female, and did not appear to have bred. 

 For the subsequent two days several of such little parties 

 passed Golchika, but after that I saw no more until Sep- 

 tember 5, when I flushed a solitary bird from a swamp at 

 Nosonovsky. 



The Grey Phalarope was the earliest of all the birds 

 to leave Golchika. This species bied rather late, for it 

 nested in the low-lying marshes wliich were under water 

 during the thaw ; but the young fledged with great rapidity, 

 and by August 5 there was not a bird to be seen. 



The next departure was that of the Shore-Lark, which 

 I last recorded on August 10. This bird nested on the 

 crests of the dry hills of the tundra, which were among 

 the first spots to be freed from snow, and consequently the 

 eggs were laid early. 



