398 Miss M. D. Haviland on Bird-Mlyration 



stations like any g^iH). yet in certain cases the mainspring 

 of the southward migration cannot be referred to this 

 cause. For instance, the Grey Phalarope disappeared more 

 than a fortnight before the Red-necked Phalarope, although, 

 to a human observer, the two species seem identical in the 

 matter of food, haunts, and habits. Again, the Shore-Lark 

 and the Wheatear inhabit the same ground and are appar- 

 ently very similar in their feeding-habits, and yet one leaves 

 many days before the other. The Curlew-Sandpiper and the 

 Golden Plover breed at the same time, and frequent the 

 same parts of the tundra, and yet the former species migrates 

 much earlier than the latter; and so on. 



The ducks [Clangula hyemalis) and the geese and divers 

 do not leave Golchika until mid-September. In the case of 

 the divers this is owing to the lateness of the breeding- 

 season, for the birds are obliged to wait until the ice has 

 thawed on the little lakes, and consequently the young 

 cannot fly before the end of August. The White-billed 

 Diver (Culymbus adamsi) breeds out on the tundra, some 

 liundreds of miles east of the Yenesei. I did not meet 

 with this species, but the Siberians recognized it from 

 descriptions and pictures and said that it was sometimes 

 seen at Golchika in the spring, but they did not remember 

 having seen it in the autumn. Mr. A. Trevor-Battye 

 records that he saw one of these birds at Kolguev towards 

 the end of June ; so that it is just possible that in the 

 spring migration the birds move eastwards across the 

 mouths of the great estuaries. In the autumn they may 

 travel by a more direct and slightly different route to the 

 south — possibly up the valleys of the Pyasina and Khatanga 

 Rivers. 



There is one record of some little interest at Golchika, 

 and that is the occurrence of the Bluethroat {Cyanusylvia 

 suecica). So far as I could ascertain, this species does not 

 breed within a hundred miles of the district, but during the 

 first week in August a few small parties of immature birds 

 appeared along the riverside and haunted tlie driftwood - 

 strewn beaches for two or three weeks. Mr, H. L. Popham 



