532 Ernst Hartert and Annie C. Jackson : 



The small " tropical " race (not a good name, because 

 C. duhius dubius is also tropical) is very close to C. dubius 

 curojiicus and not easy to recognise in skins, though 

 apparently better in life, but the large-billed C. d. dubius is 

 easily separable from (7. dubius cwonicus, though it seems 

 that nobody has called attention to it. 



1. Charadrius dubius dubius Scop, 



Petit Pluvier a collier dc I' Isle de Lucon Sonnerat, Voyage 

 Nouv. Guin. p. 84, pi. 46 (1776— Luzon. The plate 

 clearly shows the large bill). 



Charadrius {dubius) Scopoli, Del. Faunse et Flora; Insubr. 

 ii. p. 93 (1786 — ex Sonnerat, 1. c, Luzon). 



Charadrius ])hilipjnnus Latham, Index Orn. ii. p. 745 

 (1790 — ex Sonnerat, 1. c, Philippine Is.). 



Hecognisable at a glance, when series are compared, by 

 the long and strong bill. The culmen, from the end of the 

 feathering, measures 14-15*6, the wing 109-116 and even 

 118 mm. 



This race breeds and is resident on the Philippine Islands, 

 in Hainan, Formosa, and appai'ently parts of south China, 

 and it occurs sometimes on the Japanese Islands. 



2. Charadrius dubius curonicus Gm. 



Ein Regcnpfeifer Beseke, Schriften d. Ges. naturf. Freunde 

 Berlin, vii. p. 463 (1776 — Kurland = " Courland ^' ; the 

 description is reproduced in Beseke, Vogel Kurlands, p. 66, 

 1792). 



Charadrius curonicus Gmelin, Syst. Nat. i. pt. 2, p. 692 

 (1789 — "Habitat in Curonia." Ex Beseke, I.e.). 



Charadrius minor Wolf & Meyer, Vog. Deutschl. Heft xv. 

 (1805 — New name for C. curonicus and fluviutilis : cf. Meyer 

 & Wolf, Taschenb. d. deutsch. Vogelk. p. 324). 



Charadrius fluviatilis Bechstein, Gemeinn. Naturg. 

 Deutschl. iv. p. 422 (1809 — Also new name for C. cwonicus). 



Charadrius minutus Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 145 

 (1827 — " In aquosis deserti Barabeusis rarius occurrit," i. e., 

 Barabinski Steppes, Tomsk Gouvernement, W. Siberia). 



