ORIGIXAL :\1EMBERS. 163 



nest, his grapliic description of Avliicli reached England just 

 in time to be of use to Mr. Hewitson. At length he arrived 

 at Haparanda, a small frontier village opposite the Russian 

 town o£ Tornea. Northwards from this place, Finnish is the 

 language almost exclusively used, and it therefore became 

 necessary here to engage a second interpreter. This added 

 to the difficulties of the expedition; for those only who have 

 experienced it can be aware of the trouble and annoyance 

 entailed by the employment of a third language, especially 

 in making known to an ignorant population wants of which 

 they have hitherto had no idea, and by means of interpreters 

 to whom they are equally strange. 



It is not Avithin the scope of this memoir to relate at 

 length the dift'erent stages of Wolley's journey. It Aviil 

 suffice to say that, embarking on the river Tornea, he followed 

 its course across the Arctic circle, until its junction at Kengis 

 with the Muonio, continuing along the latter stream as far as 

 Muonioniska — his intention being to reach Jerisjarvi, a large 

 lake recommended to him at Stockholm as an advantageous 

 locality for his operations: He found, however, that the 

 more immediate neighbourhood of Muonioniska offered 

 greater facilities, and here accordingly he passed the short 

 polar summer, working incessantly, often more than twenty- 

 four consecutive hours, in the vast marslies near it, until he 

 had completely exhausted the powers of his two interpreters 

 and his troop of beaters. At the end of July he retraced his 

 steps, intending to return at once to England, but on 

 arriving at Haparanda he found letters which made him 

 resolve to pass the winter in Lapland, and accordingly, 

 dismissing his companions, and entrusting to one of them 

 the spoils of the campaign to be sent to some friends at 

 home, he again ascended the river and took up his quarters 

 at ]Muoniovara, the house of a trader, opposite the Russian 

 village of Muonioniska. 



During the winter he occupied himself partly in pursuit 

 of the scanty stock of game which the dense surrounding 

 forests afforded, and in unsuccessful attempts at bear-hunting, 

 but more particularly in visiting every house within a radius 



