Birds of Kohat and Kurram. 103 



April or early in May_, but I have counted over 80 roosting 

 together as late as the 18th of May near Kohat. 



A few_, however, mostly smaller birds, are resident all the 

 year round. 



[3.] CoRvus coROxXE. The Carrion-Crow. 



Cummiug, J. B. N. H. S. xvi. p. 686 (common in winter 

 in Seistan, and often seen about houses) ; Ward, op. cit. 

 xvii. p. 108 (resident in Kashmir, nestiug between 8000 

 and 10,000 ft.). 



505. S ad. Kurram Valley, 5800 ft., 19th April. 



I am not sure whether this species occurs in the plains or 

 not. Major Magrath has found it fairly common in winter 

 in Bannu, so it probably does. In the Upper Kurram 

 Valley it nests freely in April from 5000 ft. upwards, a 

 Chinar (Plane-tree) near a village being usually selected as 

 a nesting-site. Like tlie Raven, the Carrion-Crow is not a 

 dweller in the wilds in these parts, but prefers the neigh- 

 bourhood of mankind. 



[4.] CoRvus MACRORHYNCHus. The Juuglc-Crow. 



Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 337 (Thall: very common); 

 Fulton, op. cit. xvi. p. 45 (Lower Chitral : very common) ; 

 Rattray, t. c. p. 421 (very common up to 9000 ft. : Murree 

 Hills) ; Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 108. 



Abundant in the plains from November till mid-April 

 (last seen on the 28th), partially taking the place of C. 

 splendens. In summer it retires to the Ilex- and ?ir-clad 

 slopes of the higher ranges, nesting freely on the Safed 

 Koh. 



[5.] CoRvus FRUGiLEGUs. The Rook. 



Marshall, J. B. N. H. S. xiv. p. 601 (once seen in 

 January near Quetta) ; Gumming, op. cit. xvi. p. 686 

 (common in Seistan in winter) ; Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 108 

 (occurs in winter along the R. Jhelum). 



641. S juv. Samana, 6500 ft., 5th March. 



744, 745. ? ; 746. S juv. Kohat, 1760 ft., 25th March. 



Visits the district in large flocks in winter, arriving in 

 November and remaining as late as the middle of April. 



