252 Lieut. C. H. T. Whitehead on the 



lizards and insects from the ground like a Shrike. In 

 Kohat its favourite food consists of freshwater crabs. Major 

 Magrath has also observed it taking locusts and dragon-flies 

 on the wing. 



[1066.] Upupa epops. The European Hoopoe. 



Marshall, J. B. N. H. S. xv. p. 351 (Quetta : summer 

 visitor) ; Fulton, op. cit. xvi. p. 58 (Chitral : summer visitor, 

 occurring up to 1-1,000 ft.) ; Gumming, t. c. p. 690 ; Ward, 

 op. cit. xvii. p. 726 (common in summer, rare in winter). 



Abundant in Kohat in the cold weather, but only a few 

 individuals stay to nest. Occurs in the Kurram Valley up 

 to 8000 ft., but is scarce. 



[1068.] Cypselus melba. The Aljiine Swift. 



Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 342 (Thall : May) ; Marshall, 

 oj). cit. XV. p. 351 (Quetta : summer visitor) ; Fulton, op. cit. 

 xvi. p. 58 (common in Chitral in summer from 5000 to 

 16,000 ft.) ; llattray, t. c. p. 660 (found two nests : Murree 

 Hills) ; Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 726. 



Flocks of this fine Swift, often accompanied by the next 

 species, pass through Kohat at intervals from March till the 

 end of May, returning in August and September. They 

 merely pass over and do not stay. 



[1069.] Cypselus Apus. The Common Swift. 



Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 342 (Thall: common in 

 May; shot two); Marshall, op. cit. xv. p. 351 (Quetta; 

 common in summer ; found nests in caves) ; Fulton, op. cit. 

 xvi. p. 58 (Chitral : common in summer up to 14,000 ft.) ; 

 Ward, op. cit. xvii. p. 726 (summer visitor; nests in cliff's). 



Occurs like the last species and often in company with 

 it. Breeds in small numbers in the cliff's of the Safed Koh, 

 and is fouud up to the summit. 



[1073.] Cypselus affinis. The Common Indian Swift. 



Rattray, J. B. N. H. S. xii. p. 342 (rare at Thall) ; 

 Marshall, op. cit. xv. p. 351 (common in summer) ; Ward, 

 op. cit. xvii. p. 726. 



Abundant in the District frum early in March till 



