438 Mr. C. Ingram on thp 



H. rustica occur in Manchuria, and so fine is the distinction 

 between these forms^ that I have had much difficulty in 

 separating some of my examples. One is sufficiently dark on 

 the under parts to be called tytleri; a second has the under 

 surface almost white and the complete thoracic band of 

 typical rustica ; a third agrees perfectly with specimens from 

 N. America, and is therefore erythrogastra; while, lastly, I 

 have birds that must he referred to gutturalis. There are 

 also intermediate examples in the collection. 



This, I think, shews the inadvisability of dividing birds 

 which range as widely as Swallows into a number of ill- 

 defined subspecies ; at the meeting-point of their various 

 ranges it is quite impossible to separate the races with 

 anything like certainty, and several of my specimens might 

 excusably be referred to either one of three species or sub- 

 species, viz., eryMro^os/rflj^M/^Mrc/is, and rustica. However, 

 as I have used trinomials elsewhere in this paper, I have 

 attempted to name my skins according to the subspecific 

 differences described by certain ornithologists. 



Dr. Sharpe has very kindly examined the specimen which 

 I have called H. rustica, and he agrees with me in consider- 

 ing it typical. 



Bianchi also named a Swallow, killed by Capt. Karpow 

 at Yingtzu, Aug. 12, 1901, H. rustica ; hut it must be 

 remembered that in Swallows the under surface usually 

 becomes whiter as the summer advances. 



49. HiRUNDO RUSTICA GUTTURALIS. Eastern Barn- 

 Swallow. 



Tacz. p. 173; Dresser, p. 265 ; Ingram, Ibis, 1908, p. 157. 

 a,b. c? ? . Chang-chun, Kirin Province. July 6, 1908. 

 c, d. (^ S ■ Chu-chiaTai, Kirin Province. Aug. 16, 1908. 

 e. $ . Kirin Province. Sept. 17, 1908. 

 Iris dark brown; feet and bill black. 



50. HiRUNDO RUSTICA ERYTHROGASTRA. 



Dresser, p. 266. 



a,b. (J $ . Khingan Mts., alt. 3600 ft. May 29 and 

 June 17, 1908. 



