504 Mr. H. F. Witherby on Birds from the 



Cotile riparia (L.). [B. 216. W. 1903, p. 553 ; 1907, 

 p. 90.] 



g $ . May 20, S. coast, Caspian Sea. 



Cotile rupestris (Scop.). [B. 216. W. 1903, p. 553 ; 

 1907, p. 90.] 



? . April 20, Elburz Mts. (near Demavend, alt. 7000 ft.). 



Troglodytes parvulus Koch. [B. 222.] 



$ . March 2, S. coast, Caspian Sea. 



" Seen throughout the forest country, on the plains, and 

 on the mountains." — R. B. W. 



I cannot distinguish any difference between this specimen 

 and typical examples. The specimen which Mr. Woosnam 

 obtained at Sumela in 1900 (cf. Ibis, 1907, p. 92) is worn 

 and no doubt bleached, and it is impossible to judge 

 from an examination of these two skins whether or not 

 T. p. hyrcanus Zar. & Loud. (On. Monatsb. 1905, p. 106), 

 which is supposed to inhabit the Caspian region, is a valid 

 form. 



SlTTA EUROP^A CJESIA Wolf. [B. 223.] 



c? $ . March 28 & 29, S. coast, Caspian Sea. 



" No Nuthatches were met with in the swampy alder- 

 forests along the coast, but several were seen in the dry 

 beech and hornbeam cover on the foot-hills, and they are 

 probably numerous all along the afforested north side of the 

 Elburz."— E. B. W. 



The*e Nuthatches are very different from the pale form of 

 the Plateau (S. e, persica), and they appear to me to re- 

 semble in every way typical S. casia. They have neither the 

 short bill nor the white eye-spot of S. e. caucasica, while in 

 S. rubiginosa Tsch. & Zar. (Orn. Jahrb. 1905, p. 140) the 

 under side is stated to be brighter than that of S. casia, but 

 this is not so in these specimens nor is the bill longer. The 

 character of the length of the first primary given for 

 S, rubiginosa is quite useless, as this varies greatly in 

 individuals. 



