Birds of Paraguay. 599 



[This bird is resident and by no means uncommon in 

 the large forests of Central Paraguay. It is another of those 

 birds which it is difficult to find out anything of their habits. 

 The forests here, at Sapucay, extend for miles in one dense 

 tangled mass of vegetation, and the conditions under which 

 the birds are met -with are so different that it is hard to 

 decide whether their presence is natural or accidental. — 

 W. F.] 



162. Chiroxiphia caudata. 



Pipra caudata, Shaw & Nodder, Nat. Misc. v. pi. 133 

 (1 791 : warmer parts of South America) . 



Pico cola de pala Azara, Apunt. i. p. 425. no. cxii. (1802). 



Pipra longicauda Vieill. N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. xix. p. 1G3 

 (1818: Paraguay). 



Chiroxiphia caudata Bcrlepsch, J. f. O. 1887, p. 118 

 (Paraguay) ; Sclater, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. xiv. p. 310 ; Ihering, 

 Revista Mus. Paulista, v. pi. xi. fig. 6 (egg), id. vi. p. 326 ; 

 Oates, Cat. Birds' Eggs Brit. Mus. iii. p. 217, pi. vi. fig. 3. 



a, b. ? ad. Sapucay, October 25, 29, 1902. 



c, d. <$ ; e. $ ad. Sapucay, November 8, 18, 1902. 

 /, g. <J ad. Sapucay, December 2, 10, 1902. 



h. £ ad. Sapucay, April 21, 1903. 



Bill horn-coloured above, mauve below ; feet purplish pink ; 

 iris brown. 



i. $ ad. Sapucay, March 10, 1904. 



k. <$ ; I, m. ? ad. Sapucay, May 1903-04. 



n-q. S a d. et imm. ; r-v. ? ad. Sapucay, June 2-24, 

 1904. 



w, x. <$; y, z. ? ad. Sapucay, July 9-30, 1904. 



a'-f. 3 ad. et imm. ; g'. ? ad. Sapucay, August 6-29, 

 1904. 



h'. ? ad. Sapucay, September 8, 1904. 



This series contains six immature males, which shew a 

 gradation of plumage from the young ; they only differ 

 from the female when they commence to shew red at the 

 base of the feathers on the crown ; this increases in bright- 

 ness until the scarlet cap of the adult male is attained ; the 



