1921.] Birds of Macedonia. 221 



number of Ravens and Egyptian Vultures ; but even on this 

 occasion the Griffons remained well above the other birds 

 present — circling round on practically motionless wings. 

 Looking at them from my dug-out, high up on the adjoinino- 

 hillside, it appeared to me that their light colour was their 

 best distinguishino- mark. 



Vultur monachus. Black Vulture. 



Probably more connnon than my few clear cases of 

 identification would suggest — as most of the larger Vultures 

 seen were very dark. 



Phalacrocorax carbo. Cormorant. 



Seen in January on the Struma. One shot. 



Phalacrocorax pygmaeus. Px^gmy Cormorant, 

 Often seen in winter. One frequented the stream near 

 Ormanli throughout February. This stream was shallow, and 

 for the most part overgrown with vegetation. The Cormorant 

 was very persistent in its habits, but very shy. It would take 

 flight whenever there was a suspicion of danger, always flying 

 quite away from the place. 



Anser albifrons. White-fronted Goose. 



Anser finmarchicus. Lesser White-fronted Goose. 



I spent the greater part of the winter of 1916-17 on the 

 Struma plain, and had plenty of opportimities for watching 

 the Geese. Skeins were first commonly seen in October, and 

 the numb(!r increased daily, regular flight-lines being 

 established across the plain. At the end of February the 

 number of Geese taking part in the daily flights was vastly 

 in excess of that seen at the beginning of winter. On 

 a few days I estimated that at least five thousand Geese 

 passed over Ormanli (j. e. in one direction). I kept a daily 

 record of the Geese seen. There was a great falling off in 

 numbers 11 March {circa), and from 13 March onwards there 

 were frequently blank days — days on which not a Goose was 

 seen or heard. As late as 5 May, however, flocks could be 



