1 92 1.] Bird-Migration by the Marking Method. 509 



Witherby^s records [20)) include a Song-Thrush which 

 migrated from Yorkshire to the north of France, and 

 another which travelled from Westmorland to Co. Clare, 

 Ireland. 



IX.— THE HEDGE-SPARROW {Accentor modularls Linn.) : 

 ANALYSIS OF RECORDS. 



The total number of birds of this species which were 

 marked is 898, and 'oQ of these, or 7*3 per cent., were 

 recovered. A further analysis of these figures, however, 

 reveals a striking fact which must be borne in mind when 

 considering the results : of 142 marked at East Warriston, 

 Edinburgh, 42, or 29*6 per cent., were recovered, many of 

 them several times ; of 131 marked at Beaulieu, Hampshire, 

 17, or 13*0 per cent., were recovered ; and of the 625 

 marked elsewhere, 7, or only 1"1 per cent., were recovered. 

 The records for the East Warriston and Beaulieu birds are 

 largely accounted for by the continued trapping activities of 

 the markers at these places, especially at the former, and 

 the small chances of a bird beiug recorded through any 

 other agency make it quite impossible to lay stress on 

 such negative evidence as the absence of records from 

 places other than those of marking. Similar considerations 

 apply to certain of the species more briefly discussed 

 in Section X., notably the Greenfinch, the House- Sparrow, 

 the Great Titmouse, the Blue Titmouse, and the Red- 

 breast. 



All the records obtained refer to birds recaptured at the 

 places of marking, and the seasons of reappearance are 

 shown in the following table : the records for Scotland form 

 the majority, but those for England are given in the same 

 table as no differences are apparent. 



It may be concluded that at least some of the native 

 Hedge-Sparrows are absolutely sedentary, but it has already 

 been pointed out that the absence of records showing move- 

 ment on the part of other individuals may be without real 

 signiHcance. (It maj' be added that the ordinary observer 



