1 92 1.] the Near East and Tropical East Africa. 645 



Cliersophilus duponti margaritae (Koenig). 



Common on the desert about 15 miles west of Solium, but 

 not seen elsewhere between Siwa and Solium. A male 

 obtained has a wing o£ 101 mm. 



Eremophila alpestris bilopha (Temm.). 



Obtained in the Syrian Desert 40 miles east of Damascus 

 in September, where they were not uncommon, and also oji 

 the desert from Solium to Siwa where they were scattered 

 about in pairs in January. 



Genus ANTHUS. 

 In working out my collection of Pipits from the Near 

 East and eastern Africa, 1 had occasion to go into the whole 

 question of four groups which are widely distributed over 

 Asia and Africa, namely campestris, sordidus, richardi, 

 and LEUCOPHRYS. For reasons given below I have united the 

 rufulus-gYon^ with riclcardi. 



ANTHUS CAMPESTRIS. 



Head distinctly streaked, usually in contrast to an indis- 

 tinctly or more uniform back. Breast unspotted or with 

 a very few small indistinct spots. In juvenile plumage the 

 back is very mottled and the breast boldly spotted. 



1st, 2nd, and ord primaries equal, the 4tli slightly shorler. 



The outer web of the penultimate tail-feather is only dark 

 brown at the base. The outer tail-feather has a triangular- 

 shaped mark on its distal half. 



Inner secondaries as long as the longest primaries. 



Anthus c. campestris L. 1758 : Sweden. 



71 examined from Europe, Algeria, Egypt, Palestine, and 

 western Asia. 



Yellowish above. About 80 per cent, are unspotted. 

 Wing 87-98, birds from the east being frequently larger 

 than western birds. Culmen 17-11* mm. 



Breeds throughout continental Europe south from central 

 Sweden and Norway, in Asia Minor, Palestine, and the 



