750 Letter.t, Extracts, and Notes. [Ibis, 



Fauna ocb Flora. (1921, no. o.) 



Gerfaut. (XP Annee, no. 2.) 



Irisli Naturalist. (Vol. xxx. nos. 6-8.) 



Journal far Ornithologie. (Vol. 69, no. 3.) 



Journal of the Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. (Vol. xxvii. no. .3.) 



Journal of the Nat. Hist. Soc. Siam. (Vol. iv. no. 2.) 



L'Oiseau. (Vol. ii. nos. 5-7.) 



Oologists' Record. (Vol. i. no. 2.) 



Ornithologische Monatsberichte. (Vol. 28, nos. 7-8.) 



Revue Fran^aise d'(3rnithologie. (Nos. 146-149.) 



Scottish Naturalist. (Nos. 113, 1 1 6.) 



Tori. (Vol. iii.no. 11.) 



Transactions of the London Nat. Hist. Soc. (Vol. for 1920.) 



XL. — Letters, Extracts, and Notes. 



Bird-migration and the Marking Method. 



SiR^ — As one of tlie largest indivickial ringers of birds in 

 this country, I read Professor Thomson's article on "Bird- 

 migration l)y the Marking Method '' with great interest. 

 In the literature of the subject, howe\'er, I was astonished 

 to fiiul no mention of the marking experiments conducted 

 by the late Professor J. A. Palmen, of Helsingfors Uni- 

 versity, in Finland, or by the liussians at Kielkond, on the 

 island of (Jesal, under Herr Stoll. I have found ringed 

 birds in this country marked by both of these gentlemen. 

 Professor Palnieu's experiments siiow some wonderful re- 

 sults, Black-headed Gulls (^Larus ridibiniduft), for instance, 

 showing two distinct lines of migration, the one down the 

 Baltic and the other overland across Europe via Austria 

 to the Mediterranean. His ringing of other species, many 

 of them within the Arctic Circle, also showed long journeys. 

 Large numbeis of each species must be marked before any 

 conclusions can be arrived at, yet Professor Thomson also 

 fails to mention my article in 'Biitish Birds,' vol. viii. p. 209, 

 on the result of marking nearly twelve thousand Black- 

 lieaded Gulls (Larus riddnindus) in this country. To 

 Professor Tiiomson's query : " Do young birds seek the same 

 winter quarters as their parents? " the answer is that tiiey 



