250 Mr. Wm. Eagle Clarke on the 



particularized by having a query prefixed to them, and they 

 are also not numbered. A few others in the list may, 

 perhaps, require confirmation, but it is undesirable to exclude 

 them, inasmuch as they are not unlikely to occur. 



The materials for a complete account of the avifauna of 

 Franz Josef Land are not voluminous. That this should 

 be so is, no doubt, due to the fact that the archipelago 

 remained undiscovered until the year 1873 ; and it has, for 

 this and other cogent reasons, been comparatively little 

 visited. Indeed, most of the islands of this extensive group 

 have never been explored, and much remains to be accom- 

 plished before our knowledge of the birds, and more especially 

 of their distribution, can be regarded as anything like 

 complete. 



The following works contain all that .we know about the 

 ornithology of the Franz Josef Laud Archipelago ; and to 

 these frequent allusion will be made in this paper : — 



1876. Payer (Julitts). New Lands within the Arctic Circle. Nar- 

 rative of the Discoveries of the Austrian ship ' Tegetthof ' in the 

 years 1872-] 874. [A translation of ' Die osterreich-ungarische 

 Nordpolar Expedition in den Jahren 1872-1874.' Wien, 1876.] 

 The Austrians under Lieut. Payer explored the eastern portion of the 



archipelago, from Wilczek Island in 79*^ 51' N. lat., by Austria Sound to 



Cape Fligeley, on the western side of Crown Prince Rudolf Land in 



82° 15' N. lat. 



A mere list of birds " found in the region between Novaya Zemlya and 



Franz Josef Land " is given in vol. ii. pp. 90, 91 ; and it is unsatisfactorily 



remarked that " most of these occurred also on the coasts of Franz Josef 



Land." 



1881. Feilden (H. W.). Some Remarks on the Natural History of 



Franz Josef Land. Trans. Norfolk and Norwich Nat. Soc. iii. 



pp. 201-211. 



This paper contains an account of the birds observed during Mr. Leigh 



Smith's first voyage in the ' Eira ' to Franz Josef Land, in the summer 



of 1880, during which he explored and made many discoveries on the 



southern coasts of the archipelago. 



1882. Neale (W. H.). Notes on the Natural History of Franz Josef 



Land as observed in 1881-1882. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1882, pp. 652- 

 656. 

 During this second voyage the ' Eira ' was lost at Nortlibrook Island, 



