264 Mr. Wm. Eagle Clarke on the 



ice in June 1895, alludes on three occasions to seeing Gulls 

 which were " probably Herring-Gulls [Larus argentatus) P 



The Doctor's surmise was undoubtedly an erroneous one ; 

 for the probability of seeing this species beyond the 82nd 

 parallel of N. latitude is not at all likely. The birds seen 

 were probably Glaucous Gulls. 



The Herring-Gull is quite unknown to both Spitsbergen 

 and to Novaya Zemlya, and does not occur further north 

 than the Arctic coast of the European Continent. 



14. ■'^Larus glaucus Fabricius. 



Payer, op, cit. ii. p. 90; Feilden, t. c. p. 209; Neale, 

 P. Z. S. 1882, p. 652-653; Nansen, op. cit. ii. pp. 326, 331, 

 349, 414. 



The Glaucous Gull has been observed by all those who 

 have visited Franz Josef Land, where it seems to be widely 

 distributed. 



Dr. Neale found it breeding at Bell Island and at Cape 

 Flora. 



Dr. Nansen observed it at Frederick Jackson Island in the 

 spring of 1896 ; and probably the birds seen by him in the 

 north-eastern portion of the archipelago, and regarded as 

 Herring-Gulls, were of this species. He has recently 

 informed us that the surprising statement (op. cit. ii. p. 308) 

 that on the 4th of August, 1895, "on the north side of the 

 island [Torup Island] we found a breeding-place of numbers 

 of Black-backed Gulls " was due to an error of his translator. 

 The birds were Glaucous Gulls. 



Dr. Neale tells us that these Gulls remained at Cape Flora in 

 the autumn of 1881 until the end of October. Sir Clements 

 Markham (Proc. Roy. Geogr. Soc. v. p. 216), quoting from 

 Mr. Leigh Smith's diary, notes their return on the 5tli of 

 March, 1882. 



15. ■^Pagophila eburnea (Phipps). 



Payer, op. cit. ii. p. 90 ; Feilden, t. c. p. 210 ; Neale, 

 P. Z. S. 1882, pp. 652, 653; Nansen, op. cit. ii. pp. 284, 295, 

 304, 326, 414. 



Three chicks and an addled q^% of the Ivory Gull are iu 



