observed on the Yenisei River. 493 



forest or willows. A nest contained nearly-fledged young 

 on June Sth. 



3. *TURDUS PILARIS. 



Fieldfares, which were already nesting on my arrival at 

 Yeniseisk, prefer the willows, especially those on the islands, 

 for their nesting-grounds, though I have found small colonies 

 in the pine-forest. The warbling song is always sung on 

 the wing. The floods had evidently been exceptionally high 

 in the spring and submerged all the early nests, for we found 

 some which had been built and eggs laid in them before the 

 water rose, as the eggs were covered with mud. 



4. ''^TURDUS FUSCATUS. 



The Dusky Thrush was not seen at Yeniseisk, but was 

 most numerous at Doodiuka (lat. 69^° N.), where the forest 

 comes to an end ; and here we found five nests, one of them 

 with seven eggs. The birds are very demonstrative when 

 their nest is approached, but when once it is found they 

 are very shy, and it becomes difficult to get anything but 

 a long shot at them. The nests were generally placed in 

 small isolated trees, and rarely on the ground, though none 

 were more than 2 feet from it. ■ Three clutches of my eggs 

 have markings of the Fieldfare^s type; three others much 

 resemble the ordinary type of the Blackbird's, but one is 

 rather browner in markings than the other two ; in one of 

 these latter a single egg is of the Fieldfare's type, but 

 darker in ground-colour. 



5. "^TURDUS OBSCURUS. 



Three nests of the Pale Thrush were found, resembling the 

 Fieldfare's in construction, at Inbatskaya (lat. 64° N.) : one 

 about 4 feet from the ground on a stump, and another built 

 close to the stem of a fir-tree on a branch about 20 feet high. 

 This Thrush has a fine clear voice ; he begins his song with 

 a few rich notes, which are not much varied, and goes ofi" 

 into the same style of ending as of a Blackbird's song. The 

 bird did not appear at Yeniseisk. The eggs are smaller than 

 any of the other Thrushes' eggs found by us, and average 

 1'06 in. long by '75 in. broad. 



