34 MEMOIRS OF THE NUTTALL ORNITHOLOGICAL CLUB 



and Glaucous Gulls in the same flock. I have seen the two first-named gulls 

 pursue the Glaucous Gull as if it were an intruder, but the same treatment is often 

 meted out to other members of their own race. On the Labrador coast I have 

 heard them utter kuk kuks like those of the Herring Gull but here they appear 

 to be generally silent. Their habits of flight and feeding seem the same as those 

 of the Flerring Gull. 



17 [43] Larus leucopterus Faber. 

 Iceland Gull. 



Not uncommon winter visitor. December 15 to March 13. 



The same change has come over the status of this species as of the Glaucous 

 Gull and the same reasons apply. In 1905, I was able to give only one imperfect 

 record but now I have records for nearly every year, and for every month from 

 December to May, inclusive. There are not as many dates on which it was noted 

 as in the case of the Glaucous Gull, but probably more birds in all have been seen, 

 for while it has been rare to see more than one or two Glaucous Gulls at a time, 

 as many as thirty-two Iceland Gulls were seen at Eastern Point, Gloucester, on 

 December 24, 1917, by the late Barron Brainerd. Judge C. F. Jenney found 

 fourteen at the same place on January 19, 1918, and Mr. C. R. Lamb^ found 

 twelve at Rockport on April 19 of the same year, the same flock, doubtless, in all 

 cases. Two were taken at Gloucester by Mr. S. P. Fay on March 6 and 20, 1912, 

 respectively, and are now in the collection of the Boston Society of Natural History. 



A discussion of the field-marks will be found under Glaucous Gull. 



*i8 [45] Larus kumlieni Brewst. 

 Kumlien's Gull. 



Rare winter visitor. October 27 to !March 24. 



Almost the same remarks about its status apply to this bird as in the case of 

 both the Glaucous and the Iceland Gull although it is not as common as these 

 species. It is a very great pleasure to be able to add these three white-winged 

 gulls to my list of acquaintances, and the Kumlien's Gull is a new bird to Essex 

 County. As far as I know, the first Kumlien's Gull identified in Essex County 

 was seen by Mrs. Edmund Bridge at Nahant on January 4, 1908. The same 

 bird was seen later by Mr. F. H. Allen and by Mr. H. W. Wright. An adult 



1 Lamb, C. R. Auk, vol. 35, p. 299, 1918. 



