Birds of the Upper Muonio River. 60 



Turdus musicus. Song-Thrush. 



Though we never met with this species, we saw some of its 

 eggs in an old collection at Kaaresuando (68° 25' N. lat.), 

 which is probably its northernmost limit on the river. 



Turdus iliacus. Redwing. 



This bird arrived on the 15th of May. It was very 

 common and generally distributed, preferring the immediate 

 vicinity of the river. We did not find it breeding in 

 company with the Fieldfare, but always singly. The first 

 clutch of eggs was taken on the 5th of June. The song was 

 one of the features of the Lapland summer, and appeared to 

 vary every ten miles or so ; the Redwings at Ainettivaara 

 had a totally different song from those at Leveavuopio. We 

 often found their nests built in the rough fences and some on 

 the lowest of stumps. As a rule, they were never more than 

 four feet from the ground. Each clutch contained one egg 

 of a type distinct from the rest, brighter and more richly 

 marked. The usual number was six. The Finnish name of 

 this species is " Night-Thrush." 



Turdus pilaris. Fieldfare. 



The Fieldfare arrived on the 25th of May : on the 26th 

 it was generally distributed in the birch-woods. The 

 colonies were usually some way up the hill-sides, but 

 occasionally we found them breeding on islands in the lakes — 

 a fact which may be due to their preference for the big 

 birches of twenty feet or more, which are not found in the 

 neighbourhood of houses, owing to the ruthless felling of 

 timber which prevails. I only once heard the song, which 

 was uttered on the wing. We found the first clutch of 

 eggs on the 4th of June. The nests of the former year were 

 generally re-occupied, a fresh lining of grass only being 

 added. On the 15th of June we saw some young birds 

 just hatched. 



Turdus torquatus. Ring-Ousel. 



Very rare, even in the mountain-districts of the north. 

 We obtained one clutch of eggs on the 26th of June. 



