80 Lieut. S. A. Davies on the 



sufficient size to afford nesting-holes, and the eggs are all 

 laid in boxes put up for the birds' accommodation. We 

 often saw them thirty or even forty miles more to the north, 

 so that they would probably breed there if boxes were 

 provided for them. The first clutch of eggs was found on 

 the 10th of June. 



Harelda glacialis. Long-tailed Duck. 



Very common, arriving on the 25th of May ; the first eggs 

 were found on the 23rd of June, and. flappers were seen on 

 the 9th of July. It nests on the moors in the neighbourhood 

 of small pools and tarns. 



CEdemia nigra. Common Scoter. 



Very common, arriving on the 20th of May. The first 

 eggs were found on the 16th of June. 



(Edemia fusca. Velvet Scoter. 



Not so common as the preceding species, and less easy to 

 locate in the breeding-season, as it retires to the fell lakes. 



Mergus merganser. Goosander. 



Fairly common on the river and the lakes adjoining it. 



Mergus serrator. Red-breasted Merganser. 



The commonest of the Duck family on the river. It 

 especially frequents the rapids, and every island is tenanted 

 by one or two pairs. The Finns take the eggs for food. 

 It arrived on the 16th of May, and the first egg was found 

 on the 5th of June. 



Tetrao urogallus. Capercaillie. 



These birds were unusually scarce during our visit, and we 

 found only one nest. In the winter they move out of the 

 fir-region, and we saw them sixty miles north of Ainettivaara. 

 At this season they are very silent and difficult of approach, 

 the noise of the " ski " warning them. As soon as the 

 " play" begins, however, they may be heard miles away. 



Lagopus albus. Willow -Grouse. 



Common, but steadily decreasing in numbers owing to 

 persecution. The Finns carry on a great trade in these 

 birds in winter by snaring and shooting them, and then 



