30G Mr. A. L. Butler on the 



9. MoTACILLA CAMPESTRIS Pall. 



a. <$ . Khartoum, Oct. 1904. 



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These three species of Yellow Wagtails arrive at Khartoum 

 at the end of August and beginning of September, young birds 

 greatly outnumbering the adults, while during the winter they 

 spread over the rivers of the whole country wherever there 

 are mud-flats, short grass, or cultivation. All three species 

 have the same habits and associate together promiscuously. 



In March and April the birds which have gone further 

 south return and swell the numbers of those which have 

 wintered at Khartoum. By this time the full breeding- 

 plumage has been assumed, and the species can much more 

 readily be distinguished. The gathering of Wagtails at 

 Khartoum before the northward migration takes place is a 

 wonderful sight. For mile after mile the strip of short grass 

 which fringes the White Nile is covered with them, their 

 bright yellow breasts making a most pleasing display. They 

 gradually disappear by the end of April, though some linger 

 Avell into May. 



10. Anthus trivialis (Linn.). 



The Tree-Pipit is a regular, but not very common, winter 

 visitor. It is one of the later migrants to reach Khartoum, 

 generally appearing in the gardens during the last week in 

 October. 



11. Anthus campestris (Linn.). 



a. <J. Khartoum, Oct. 23, 1902. 



b. ? . „ Oct. 28, 1902. 



c. (J . ,, Oct. 18, 1902. 



The Tawny Pipit is fairly common around Khartoum from 

 October to March. I saw a few specimens, and shot one 

 for identification, near Gallabat on April 13th, 1903. 



12. Anthus cervjnus (Pall.). 



a. <$ . Khartoum, Dec. 22, 1902. 



The Red-throated Pipit is an abundant winter visitant, 

 great numbers frequenting the river-banks in company with 

 White and Yellow Wagtails. In February and March the 



