igi?'] Birds observed at Erzerum. 7 



and on June 2Jj I found a pair feeding their young in a 

 nest built iu a hole in a batik about five feet above the road 

 leading to that Pass. 



Fringilla ccelebs. Chaffinch. 



Fairly common as a migrant in spring and autumn. 

 The earliest date of observation is March 16, 1911, and no 

 spring migrants were noted after April 16. The sexes were 

 always in separate flights, but on April 2, 1910, a mixed 

 flock of Chaffinches and Bramblings was seen. The return 

 passage was first noticed on August 20, 1910, but large 

 flights were recorded in October of each yeai", and in 1910 

 and 1911 I noted having seen large flights of hens on 

 November 8. 



Fringilla montifringilla. Brambling. 



In 1910 1 observed these birds twice — once with a flight 

 of Chaffinches on April 2, and again on the rather advanced 

 date of June 4. 



Carpodacus nibicilla. Caucasian Rose-Finch. 



This splendidly plumaged bird first came under my obser- 

 vation on June 9, 1910, when I noticed three pairs at Kyrk 

 Deirmen ; and I am inclined to think that they constituted 

 the entire stock in that neighbourhood, which was the one 

 spot within many miles affording the conditions of habitat 

 supposed to be sought after by the Rose-Finch, namely, a 

 sheltered gorge with running water, groves of trees, and 

 a sufficiency of lush herbage. 



Conspicuous as the cock-bird is, my attention was first 

 arrested by his song, which resembles that of the Blackcap 

 in quality, but is less prolonged and is repeated at short 

 intervals while the songster remains concealed among the 

 foliage. I frequently saw these birds in the neighbourhood 

 and, as two pairs were to be found regularly in the willows 

 in my camp-enclosure during June and July, I am con- 

 vinced that they were nesting there, but diligent search 

 failed to reveal their nest, and I never saw the young — in 

 factj the birds completely disappeared in August. They 



