10 Mr. P. J. C. McGregor on [Ibis, 



when small flocks again began to form outside the town 

 ramparts. It was not, however, until winter had really set 

 in that large numbers were constantly to be met with. 



Galerida cristata. Crested Lark. 



The Crested Lark is resident throughout the year, its 

 numbers being, however, much reduced in winter. 



Melanocorypha calandra. Calandra Lark. 



This species came under my observation for the first time 

 on March 10, 1910, consorting with Sky- and Shore-Larks 

 immediately outside the town walls, and two days subse- 

 quently I procured a specimen at the same place. I saw a 

 few at Hassan Kala'a on June 24 and in 1911. I a^ain 

 observed several specimens on March 10 at Ilije and on 

 ]\lay 1 at Ghez, these two localities being villages on the 

 Trebizond road about an hour's drive from Erzerum. 



Otocorys alpestris. Shore-Lark. 



My first acquaintance with the Shore-Lark was made 

 during my sleigh-journey from Kars through Sary Kamysh 

 and Kara Urgan to Erzerum in January 1910. These graceful 

 birds were almost the only living creatures that were to be 

 seen in this wind-swept waste of snow, and they congregated 

 in considerable numbers by the roadside, uttering their 

 plaintively musical call as they flitted aside on the approach 

 of the sledge. 



During the rigour of the winter months they were to be 

 met with in numerous scattered flocks outside the town 

 Avails, but towards the end of March, when a spell of milder 

 weather set in, they would disappear, to return with the 

 first blizzard and linger till nearly the end of April. From 

 May onwards they were to be met with in pairs at an 

 altitude of at least several hundred feet above the town. 



I should like to point out that, while specimens shot by 

 me answered in every respect to Dresser's description of 

 O. alpestris (' Manual of Palsearctic Birds '), inasmuch as the 

 feathers of the throat and forehead were yellow, I also 

 procured specimens of O. penicillata, and all the birds 



