Igi/'] Binh observed at Erzcrum. 11 



observed near Erzerum during tlie summer seemed to belong 

 to the latter type. My impression, however, is that in 

 ■winter O. alpestris was in the majority, I also noted the 

 Shore-LarU was the first of its family to put in an appear- 

 ance in winter, being abundant about the end of December ; 

 whereas the Skylark did not appear till more than a mouth 

 later. 



Otocorys penicillata. 



As already mentioned, I observed and procured specimens 

 of this species occasionally in winter, and it seemed to be 

 tiie predominating type during tlie summer months'. 



Motacilla alba. White Wagtail. 



From about the 20th of INIarch till April 18 small 

 numbers are to be seen, and a few probably remain in the 

 vicinity of the marshes, but I never came across any near 

 the town in summer. The autumn migration becomes 

 noticeable at the end of September, and fairly large Hocks 

 pass through until the middle of October. They seem to 

 arrive in the evening and were seldom observed in the 

 daytime. 



Motacilla boarula. Grey Wagtail. 



Never observed earlier than tlie 5th of August, and then 

 either singly or in pairs near runiiing water. Large flocks, 

 however, appeared between the 10th and the 16th of 

 September, and afterwards stiay individuals were to be 

 met with up to October 18. 



Motacilla flava. Blue-headed Wagtail. 

 . Large flocks appeared between August 23 and Septem- 

 ber 20, usually following the sheep in couipany with 

 M. boarula. Several specimens were shot, among tliem 

 being a male which seemed to answer closely to Hartert's 

 description of M.f. horealis. In 1911, I recorded them as 

 abundant on October 3. 



Motacilla feldeggi. Black-headed Wagtail. 

 Common in the marshes and around Ilije. \Vas first seen 

 on May 5, 



