iQi/'] Birds observed at Erzerum. 21 



I observed smaller flights outside the town on the following 

 days, but none after August 30. 



In 1911 they arrived and departed practically on the same 

 dates as in the preceding year. 



Micropus melba. Alpine Swift. 

 One pair observed on May 18, 1911. 



Caprimulgus europseus. Goatsucker. 



At least two pairs bred in Baghaz in 1910 and were seen 

 regularly until the 28tli of September. 



Merops apiaster. Bee-eater. 



The first week in May sees the arrival of the Bee-eaters 

 which abound in the Erzerum and Passen Plains, and often 

 nest in the same places as the Saud-Martins. Their musical 

 notes are constantly heard in the hot bright days of summer, 

 and enormous flocks pass constantly during September, 

 when the trees near my camp were a much-frequented 

 roosting-place. 



XJpupa epops. Hoopoe. 



In raid- April, when the dark streaks in the snowy mantle 

 of the lower plain betoken the sun^s increasing warmth, the 

 Hoopoes begin to appear, either singly or in parties of five 

 or six, and they are frequently to be seen in the desolate 

 and extensive cemeteries or on the grassy slopes of the 

 fortifications. They breed in fair numbers in the town 

 and village, and I saw a good many at Hassan Kala'a in 

 the Passen Plain. A migration movement is perceptible in 

 the first days of August, and continues till nearly the end 

 of September, the 27th being the latest date of observation 

 in the unusually mild autumn of 1911. 



Coracias garrulus. Roller. 



The Roller was rarely observed during the spring migra., 

 tion (one on April 27 and one on May 14, 1911) and never 

 in summer; but it is common in the plains of Erzinjan and 



