igij'] Birds observed at Erzerum. 23 



Gyps fulvus. Griffon Vulture. 



By no means a usual sight, but could be seen occasionally 

 in some numbers between June and September, I once saw 

 about twenty soaring in company with Egyptian Vultures, 

 and in the autumn of 1910 the prevalence of cattle-plague 

 attracted them in unusual numbers. 



Vultur monachus. Black Vulture. 



On September 20, 1910, I saw tliree Black Vultures 

 helping some Gritt'ous and Egyptian Vultures to devour a 

 carcass. 



Neophron percnopterus. Egyptian Vulture. 



Both immature and adult specimens were observed between 

 April 29 and September 2, but the bird is by no means 

 common. On one occasion I saw over half a dozen of them 

 at Hassan Kala'a, where the climate is considerably more 

 genial than that of Erzerum. 



Circus aeruginosus. Marsh- Harrier. 



When spending a day at Ilije on May 5, 1910, I saw one, 

 and presume they are not uncommon in the marshes. I also 

 saw another near my camp on September 17-19 of the 

 same year. 



Circus cyaneus. Hen-Harrier. 



Observed in 1910, one male on April 4 and one female 

 on April 7. During the latter part of September a pair 

 haunted the neighbourhood of my camp. 



Buteo desertorum. Steppe-Buzzard. 



• Large passages of Buzzards take place in spring and 

 autumn, and, as far as could be concluded from observation 

 and from specimens handled, all belonged to the species 

 Buteo desertorum. 



In 1910 the first record was dated April 2 ; on April 9 

 about thirty appeared circling over the town, and, despite 

 snow and cold, small parties and isolated individuals con- 

 tinued to pass during the ensuing days, sometimes resting 

 for hours on the tombstones in the Turkish cemeteries. 



