the city. It would surprise me little to learn that this was correct and 

 that this saucy bird had raised its young within touch of the "Cradle of 

 Liberty." 



Mr. A. H. Norton, Westbrook, Maine, writes : "The first nests that I 

 have found each season, have been built in trees at the border of an 

 opening or grove, where the snow has disappeared. The point of the 

 compass not, as might seem probable, having influence. The Southern 

 exposure receives the sun's action, but the wind and water frequently are 

 as rapid in melting the snow from northern or north-western exposures. 

 The bird seems to like the sunshine (or society) and avoids the deeper 

 woods." Mr. Henry W. Carriger, Sonoma, Cal., has found the nesting 

 sites extremely varable, finding them in deep woods, groves, and along 

 sloughs. He writes : " Previous to i8gi, about ten pairs nested in a grove 

 of young white oaks, but in 1892 not a nest was to be found there. The 

 birds had gone, for some unknown cause, to a large grain-field, about four 

 hundred yards distant, where they built their nests in large white oaks." 

 Mr. Edmund Heller, Riverside, Cal., states that the Crows in that vicinity 

 nest only on the bottom lands, never in the canons nor on the mesa. 

 Large tracts in that section are without their quota of birds. Mr. Samu- 

 el L. Bacon, Erie, Pa., writes: "My observations lead me to believe 

 that if unmolested, a pair of Crows will nest in the same vicinity for 

 many years if not for a lifetime. To corroborate this belief, I will say 

 that a pair of Crows (presumably the same pair) have nested for the past 

 four years in one piece of woods, and these four nests are within two 

 hundred feet of each other. In these woods, which covers about 

 three acres, there are the remains of at least ten other nests, and I feel 

 sure they were built by the same pair." Mr. C. W. Crandall has usually 

 found them breeding in low woods, with parts swampy or containing a 

 small pond, on Long Island, N. Y. He also gives some notable situa- 

 tions : One nest fifty feet from a habitation, in a gigantic elm, at the road- 

 side, another, one hundred feet from group of houses; another not more than 

 thirty feet from a railroad in constant use ; another, one hundred feet from 

 a nest of Red-shouldered Hawk. Mr. Lionel F. Bowers, Columbia, Pa., 

 and Mr. Arthur H. Norton, Westbrook, Me., have found their nests situa- 

 ted in the midst of Black-crowned Night Heron colonies. I have found 

 them close to the nests of the Cooper's and Broad-winged Hawks, which 

 they will rob if left uncovered for any length of time ; and also in one 

 instance, within a few yards of a Grey Squirrel's nest. 



The trees usually selected for nesting sites in the Eastern states, are 

 the white pine, Pi)iiis s/robus : red oak, Qiwrcns rubra ; chestnut, Casl- 

 anca satiTa cimcriadui ; white spruce, Abies (tlba ; white oak, (J. alba ; 



