146 Mr. C. Ingram — Ornithological 



After having carefully observed this bird in many parts of 

 Japan, I cannot persuade myself of the existence of the lesser 

 species C. cantUlans (T. & S.). It sole claim to separation 

 lies in its slightly smaller measurements, but as the two 

 birds admittedly live side by side, with exactly similar habits, 

 this is, I think, insufficient distinction. The theory that 

 C. cantillans is the female of the other may be correct, but it 

 is more probable that this species is very variable with regard 

 to size. 



As a cage-bird the Eush-Waibler is greatly prized by the 

 Japanese, and individuals possessing a specially fine voice 

 (which is often cultivated in captivity) command very high 

 prices. 



The eggs in my collection arc of a uniform reddish- 

 chocolate or reddish-brown colour, considerably darker than 

 those of C. cettii, with which they have been compared. In 

 texture the shell is also rather more glossy. Dimensions 

 ()*71 X 0-55 in. 



21. Parus BOREALis RESTRicTus Hellm. Japanese Marsh- 

 Tit. 



Parus palustris japonicus Seebohm, B. Jap. Emp. p. 81. 



Parus borealis restrictus Ilellm. Orn. Jahrb. 1900, p. 215. 



Parus atricajnllus restrictus Hart. Vog. pal. Fauna, 1905, 

 p. 380. 



Jap. : Higara. 



By no means rare in certain parts of the Fujiyama forests, 

 being commonly encountered among the old coniferous trees, 

 uhich are also much favoured by other Titmice. 



22. Parus ater insularis Hellm. Japanese Cole-Tit. 

 Parus ater pekinensis Seebohm, B. Jap. Emp. p. 82. 

 Parus ater i^isularis Hellm. Orn. Jahrb. 1902, p. 36. 

 Jap. : Kogara. 



Tolerably common, and found in the same localities as the 

 preceding species. The song of this bird is very like that of 

 its European representative ; indeed, if differing at all it does 

 so only in the intonation of the notes. On May 29th I found 

 a nest containing eight eggs placed in a small hole of a 



