LANMAN. — BUDDHAGHOSa's VISUDDHI-MAGGA, BOOK 1. IGl 



114 Morality is of five kinds if viewed — 



Pentad 1. — as conformity, on the part of the unordained, 



(kind 1) with aUmited body of precepts (pariyanta-parisuddhi-slla: §115); 



or as conformity, on the part of the ordained, 



(kind 2) with an unUmited body of precepts (apariyanta-p.-slla: §115); 



or as a conformity, on the part of Puthujjanas, 



(kind 3) which is complete (paripunna-p.-sila: §117); 



or as a conformity, on the part of the Sekhas, 



(kind 4) which is disinterested (aparamatthaparisuddlii-sila: §120); 



or as a conformity, on the part of the Arahants, 



(kind 5) which is concomitant with calm (patipassaddhi-p.-slla: §123). 



Buddhaghosa gives the above five in the words of the Patisambhida 



115 For the unordained the precepts are limited in number 

 For the ordained, altho the precepts have a limit 



(namely 170 billion, 5 million, and 36, or 170,005,000,036), 



j^et they are virtually unlimited; — like those kept by Maha-Tissa 



116 Story of Maha-Tissa, in allusive outline, with three stanzas 



117 For Puthujjanas, the conformity is so complete, 

 that it serves as the immediate basis of Arahantship : 



as in the cases of the Saygharakkhitas, uncle and nephew 



118 Story of Maha-Saijgharakkhita, who, altho living for more than sixty 

 years from his ordination without even attaining the First Path, never- 

 theless kept his morality in such complete conformity with the precepts 

 that on his death-bed he attained Arahantship at a bound 



119 Excursus: Relative value of learning and morality 

 Scripture stanzas covering four combinations: 



1. Small learning and bad morals; 2. Small learning and good morals; 

 3. Great learning and bad morals; 4. Great learning and good morals. 

 Combination 2 is better than 3 



120 For the Sekhas, the conformity is "disinterested," as being unmotivated 

 by any false view; and for the Puthujjanas, it is "disinterested," 



as being unmotivated by any passion : case of Tissa, Kutumbiya's son 



121 Stanzas of Tissa, who, to assure his murderers that he would not run 

 away, broke his two thigh-bones, and, gaining thus a night's time, attained 

 Arahantship 



122 Stoiy of an Elder, who, altho in helpless torment from illness, and cer- 

 tain of attaining heaven by death, refrained from putting an end to his 

 misery and attained to Arahantship. His stanzas 



123 For the Arahants, the conformitj', as bringing an abiding calmness, 

 is called "calmness-conformity" 



124 Thus morality is of five kinds fi'om the above five points of view 



