BLAKE.— ENCELIA AND RELATED GENERA. 347 



misplaced, and several species of Verhcsina have been described under 

 Encclia. 



Encelia Adanson^ was based on " Cotula marit. Peruana," cultivated 

 in the Jardin de Roi at Paris, which is Encelia caupscens Lara.,'' an 

 alternate-leaved perennial with epappose achenes villous on the edges 

 and narrowly white-margined. In 1789 L'Heritier^ redescribed the 

 plant as PaUasia halimifoUa, a new genus, quoting as a synonym 

 Coreopsis limensis Jacq.,^ but not referring to Adanson's genus. 

 The species was again described and figured by Cavanilles-^^ in 1791, 

 Lamarck being correctly accredited with the authorship of the species, 

 which has nevertheless since been universally attributed to Cavanilles. 



In 1807 Persoon ^^ described the genus Simsia, basing it upon three 

 species published by CaA-anilles under Coreopsis, of which one, S. f 

 heterophylla, has since become the type of lostephane Benth., while 

 the others, both reducible to the species long known as Simsia auri- 

 culata DC. or Encelia mexicana Mart., have always been retained in 

 Simsia — characterized mainly by the biaristate not villous-edged 

 achene — until that genus was merged with Encelia in 1873. 



Both genera were recognized by De Candolle in his Prodromus in 

 1836, Encclia with four species and Simsia with eight, several species 

 being here first published, and the new genus Armania Bertero -"-^ was 

 described, based upon Hopkirkia fruticulosa Spreng.,^^ a species not 

 since identified but certainly a Sitnsia. 



In a communication by Gray to the American Academy, apparently 

 first published -^^ in 1847, two new genera of this group were proposed, 

 Barrattia Gray & Engelmann for a species closely allied to Simsia 

 but with epappose achenes, and Gcraea Torr. & Gray for an annual 

 with narrowly cuneate villous achenes having well developed margin 

 and crown and two strong awns. Two years later both genera were 

 reduced to Simsia by Dr. Gray.^^ In Bentham's treatment twenty- 

 four years later in his Genera Plantarum ^^ they were recognized as 

 sections of Encelia, to which Simsia was here also for the first time 

 definitely subordinated. Dr. Gray, in a paper of 1883 ^' and in the 

 Synoptical Flora, carried the reduction a step further by including 



6 Fam. ii. 128 (1763). 7 Encycl. Meth. ii. 356 (1786). 



8 In Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. 498 (1789). 



9 Coll. ii. 299 (1788), & Icon. iii. t. 594 (1786-1793). 



10 Icon. i. 45. t. 61 (1791). U Syn. ii. 478 (1807). 



12 Prod. V. 576 (1836). 13 Svs. iii. 444 (1826). 



14 Am Journ. Sci. ser. 2. iii. 274-5 (Mar. 1847). 15 PL Fendl. 85 (1849). 



16 Gen. PI. ii. 378 (1873). 



17 Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 7-9 (1883). 



