DEAN STANLEY. 461 



also to be mentioned his observations on the necessity of atmo- 

 spheric air for the development of the hen's egg ; his investigations 

 into the nature of gastric digestion ; and his experiments on the import- 

 ance of bile in the animal economy. 



Although Schwann had thus at the age of thirty-five years made 

 discoveries which ])laced him in the foremost ranks of investigators of 

 nature, his after life was almost a blank as far as the production of 

 seieiitilic work was concerned. Since the year 1845 his name appears 

 but twice in the Royal Society's catalogue, once, in 1858, as the author 

 of a report to the Royal Academy of Sciences of Belgium upon the 

 work of Rameaux on the relation between the size of animals and 

 the capacity and movements of the lungs and heart ; and onee, in 1870, 

 as the writer of an answer to questions addressed by M. d'Omalius to 

 the physiological members of the Brussels Academy of Sciences in 

 relation to the existence of a special vital force. 



No satisfactory reason can be given for Schwann's early withdrawal 

 from the field in which he had won such distinguished honors. The 

 hostility of the Church of which he was a member to biological inves- 

 tigations seems hardly sufficient to account for it, for we find him in 

 1875 publishing a most indignant denunciation of an attempt made 

 by the Catholic clergy to put him upon record as testifying in favor 

 of the miraculous nature of the phenomena manifested by the notorious 

 Louise Lateau. On this occasion, as Virchow says of him, " His 

 noble and brave heart broke through the snare that had been laid for 

 him, and he had no hesitation in doing honor to truth and in calling 

 lies, lies." His conduct in this affair is, however, scarcely a more 

 striking evidence of his intellectual independence than is afforded by 

 certain passages in his chapter on the Theory of Cells, where he dis- 

 cusses the adaptation to a purpose which is characteristic of organized 

 bodies. On reading these passages one cannot fail to be struck with 

 astonishment that they could have been written by a devout Roman 

 Catholic at a period when evolution, in its application to the organic 

 world, had not yet been formulated as a scientific doctrine. 



DEAN STANLEY. 



Arthur Penrhtn Stanley, who died in the Deanery of "West- 

 minster at London on the 18th of July, 1881, was born at Alderley, 

 Cheshire, on the 13th of December, 1815. His father was the rector 

 of Alderley, but early in his son's life became Bishop of Norwich, 

 where he died in 1849. Arthur Stanley was trained in the best spirit 



