30 



OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES 



6. A variety of biological field experiments should be conducted utilizing 

 radioisotopes. 



7. The proposed budgets for the programs are given in tables 12 and 13. The 

 greater part of the program should be financed by the Atomic Energy 

 Commission. 



Table 12. — Radioactivity in the oceans — Summary of 'budget estimates 



[Annual cost in 1958 dollars] 



Without 

 shiptime 



Ship time 



Total 



Control and monitorinsr 



Estuarine and coastal studies 



Research in open ocfian. 



Sedimentation processes 



Effects of the biosphere 



Genetic effects 



Biological field experiments 



Total 1st year - -- 



Total subsequent years - 



About J-6 is now underway. 



Net cost of new program: 1st year 



Subsequent years 



If 2 large open-sea tests are conducted, 1 in 1962 and 1 in 1966 

 the additional costs in those years will be --. 



Total in those years... 



$370, 000 



1, 920, 000 



1, 000, 000 



' 449, 000 



678, 000 



100, 000 



100, 000 



$880, 000 

 400, 000 

 35, 000 

 260, 000 



$370, 000 



2, 800, 000 



1, 400, 000 



J 484, 000 



938, 000 



100, 000 



100, 000 



4, 617, 000 

 4, 432, 000 



3, 078, 000 

 2, 954, 000 



1, 400, 000 



1, 575, 000 

 1, 575, 000 



1, 050, 000 

 1, 050, 000 



600, 000 



6, 192, 000 

 6, 007, 000 



4, 128, 000 

 4, 004, 000 



2, 000, 000 



4, 354, 000 



1, 650, 000 



6, 004, 000 



> $264,000 after 1st year. 

 2 $299,000 after 1st year. 



Table 13. — Radioactivity in the oceans — Summary of budget estimates for new 



research 



[Millions of 1958 dollars] 



' Primarily through use of ships now In service. 



Ocean resources 



Lack of adequate understanding of the occurrence, behavior and potential 

 harvest of fish and other marine organisms serves as a seridus barrier to exten- 

 sive economic development and utilization of marine biological resources. Exist- 

 ing knowledge is inadetjuate to evaluate the feasibility of creating a marine 

 mineral industry. 



1. The sea and its contents should be studied on a broad basis to enlarge our 

 knowledge of its potential resources. 



2. In order to elucidate the problem of population fluctuations of commercial 

 fish stocks, which in large part is duo to variable infant mortality, laboratory 

 studies of the survival requirements of larval and juvenile stages of commercially 

 important fish and shellfish are needed urgently. 



3. There is an urgent need for facilities for studies of fish behavior in the 

 laboratory under controlled conditions. This will require aquarium facilities of 

 sizable physical dimensions. 



4. Greater attention should be given to studies of the genetics of fish and other 

 marine organisms. 



5. Investigations should be made of the feasibility of adding nutrients to the 

 euphotic zone of the sea in order to increase the productivity of marine organisms. 



