4 OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES 



Mr. Vetter. I do not want you to misinterpret my previous state- 

 ment. I think that we are scientifically well in the forefront but we 

 are not advancing as rapidly as Eussia in this field, for example. We 

 are not advancing as fast as we should independently of any other 

 country in view of the problems that our own people, our own 

 country has to solve for its economic welfare and for its security. 



I think that we can make a case for advancing marine sciences in 

 the United States without regard to comparing our activities with 

 any other country. We have our own needs and, based on these alone, 

 there is a tremendous need for additional work. 



Mr. Miller. I think that all of the members of the committee are 

 familiar with Dr. Brown's report, but, for the record and in order 

 to better advise us, would you care to sketch the background of some 

 of the men on his Committee? You are familiar with it. Would you 

 give a brief resume of their accomplishments, who they are, and what 

 they have done in this field ? 



Mr. Vetter. First I would like to name the members of the Com- 

 mittee who are prominent as directors of oceanogi*aphic institutions 

 and leaders in marine research. These are Maurice Ewing, Columbus 

 Iselin, Roger Revelle, and Fritz Koczy. Each of these individuals 

 is identified with a long history of scientific activity in the oceans. 

 Dr. Ewing is director of the Lamont Geological Observatory. His 

 major interests are in marine seismology. He has received awards 

 from the Department of the Navy for his contributions to marine 

 science and to programs of interest to the Navy. Several of his find- 

 ings in this area have resulted in development of teclmiques and 

 equipment that the Navy uses in its operations in detection and com- 

 munication with submarines. 



Columbus Iselin has been the director of the Woods Hole Oceano- 

 graphic Institution for several years. He has now retired from that 

 position. He has served on many committees with the Navy, has been 

 involved in several international oceanographic activities and is a 

 member of the Special Committee for Oceanic Research. 



Dr. Revelle is director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography 

 and has been for several years. His main interests are in marine 

 geology. He is a man of extremely broad capabilities and interests. 

 He is chairman of the Special Committee for Oceanic Research and 

 has been active in many committees both in and out of the Govern- 

 ment. 



Dr. Koczy has recently come to this countiy from Sweden. His 

 particular competence is in marine geochemistiy. He has done work 

 recently on the diffusion of radium from the sediments underneath 

 tlie oceans up into the water above. His work is important as a 

 measure of vertical diifusion and deep circulation. 



Dr. Gordon Riley, while a biological oceanographer for many 

 years, is associated w^ith a small oceanographic activity at Yale Uni- 

 versity, the Bingham Oceanographic Laboratoiy. Pie has conducted 

 studies of productivity of the oceans to determine ways of estimating 

 the various areas where production is taking place and the rate at 

 which it is taking place. 



The other members of the Committee are not as closely associated 

 with oceanogra])hy and tliis was arranged intentionally so that the 

 Committee could approach its studies as olijectively as possil)le. 



