138 OCEANOGRAPHY IN THE UNITED STATES 



Admiral Hayward. Well, definitely we are going fco step it up. To 

 give you some figures, and this is just talking about the Navy support 

 in oceanography, in 1951 we put in $51/2 million. It went down in 

 1952 to $4.3 million. In 1953, it was up to $5.2 million and then went 

 down to $4.1 million in 1954. In 1955, it went to $5.1 million, and in 

 1956 to $7.9 million, and in 1957 it came down to $6 million again and 

 in 1958 and 1959 it will run rouglily between $7.5 and $8 million. 



Mr. ToLLEFSON. Do you know what the budget request for the next 

 fiscal year is? 



Admiral Hayward. Yes, sir; the Navy's request is $9.1 niillion. 

 One of the things about this business and all research really is that 

 the one-shot approach is very poor. You must have a continuing 

 program in research and it is better to have a modest program for 

 5 years, say $1 million a year than to put in $5 million in one year 

 and nothing in the following years. 



We feel that this program and our long-range program should go 

 ahead and it involves considerable sums of money, particularly on 

 ship construction. 



Incidentally, I have here a preliminary design for an oceanographic 

 ship that we are going to pass out. This has been one of our hard 

 problems in the Navy. You have to decide whether to build a research 

 ship or a combatant ship and we are going ahead with a regular con- 

 struction program of research ships. 



Mr. ToLLEFSON. Do you know whether the other agencies are step- 

 ping up their work also ? 



Admiral Hayward. The Maritime Commission is stepping up its 

 work. I actually do not have the figures. I am sure we can get them 

 for you over the past years just the same as we have given ours. 



Mr. ToLLEFSON. I get the impression from what you have said today 

 and from publicity I have read in connection with this subject that 

 there are various departments and agencies of Government which 

 are more concerned now than they have been perhaps for some time. 



Admiral Hayward. That is correct. 



Mr. ToLLEFSON. How does your work compare with the Russian 

 work in the sense of effort expanded ? 



Admiral Hayward. They have much more effort than we have in 

 just the number of ships. We see them on our morning briefs every 

 day and their oceanographic ships are all over the Avorld. I was 

 aboard the one in San Francisco and I think they have a very excel- 

 lent effort. 



In talking to the oceanograj)hers from Scripps and Paul Fye from 

 Woods Hole, however, they said we had some better instrumentation 

 than the Russians. As a matter of fact, they use some of our 

 instrumentation. 



Mr. ToLLEFsoN. I noticed that you say in your statement that even 

 in the 1800's you did some work in the Antarctic. 



Admiral Hayward. Yes, sir. 



Mr. ToLLEFsoN. I assume that you are doing work there and also 

 in the Arctic ? 



Admiral Hayward. Yes, sir ; very much in the Arctic. 



With our nuclear submarines we plan to do as much as we possibly 

 can. A submarine is much better under the ice up there, mucli better 

 than an icebreaker, for instance. 



